Health Awareness Of Men Health And Social Care Essay

Although this is right the modern adult male is an germinating gender, doing alterations to better their life style, going more wellness witting and gaining they can do a difference. ( Millan.G, 2010, p.i ) The intent of this essay is to briefly outline some of the alterations work forces can and are doing when it comes to their ain wellness and good being. Besides to discourse the options available for the intervention of prostate malignant neoplastic disease and the advantages and hazards that lay behind holding a vasectomy. Work forces are taking charge and going responsible for their determinations when it comes to their wellness. Implicating things into their life style which are holding long term effects on their wellness, some of the alterations which can be made are ; alterations within 1s diet, believing about what one chow, how much and when. Exercise and weight are taken into consideration along with fume intoxicant and drug consumption, normally necessitating one to discontinue. ( Beazley M. , 2011, p.1-61 ) Other of import things that work forces are sing when altering 1s lifestyle is the consciousness of their emotional well being, the effects of equal force per unit area, emphasis degrees and direction every bit good as guaranting that regular wellness cheques are carried out. Health consciousness is a thing of the modern adult male. Typically work forces of the yesteryear have had a stereotyped image that they have felt they need to populate up to that has developed over old ages, this being that the male gender was the ‘stronger ‘ or ‘muscular ‘ gender and for many work forces acknowledging a wellness concern or unwellness was like acknowledging failing. Society ‘s manner of thought has easy evolved, now work forces and their households are encouraged to be proactive about work forces ‘s wellness and it is no longer considered a failing to acknowledge unwellness or inquire for aid. ( Millan, 2010, p.vi ) Health consciousness plays a immense function when it comes to the bar and sensing of many diseases, malignant neoplastic diseases and life threatening unwellnesss. Harmonizing to the New Zealand Guidelines Group, about 4 in every one hundred deceases amongst work forces are caused by prostate malignant neoplastic disease. Statisticss from 2001 show that about two tierces the deceases were aged over 75 old ages of age and that prostate malignant neoplastic disease is the 3rd deadliest amongst work forces. ( Ministry of Health ( MOH ) , 2008. P.5 ) Prostate malignant neoplastic disease is a malignant tumour which starts in the prostate secretory organ and is portion of the male generative system. ( MOH, 2008, p. 4 ) In younger work forces it is merely little, incorporating a hole in the centre which the urethra, the tubing that passes piss from the vesica to out of the organic structure. As work forces mature through to an old age this frequently enlarges doing all kinds of jobs, most normally partially or wholly cutting off urine supply. ( Millan, G. 2010, p.147-149 ) Cancer of the prostate can be both a slow turning malignant neoplastic disease doing no symptoms or sawed-off life, every bit good as a rapid turning malignant neoplastic disease which finally escapes the prostate spreading to environing tissue and variety meats, this when the malignant neoplastic disease go life endangering. ( MOH, 2008, p.4 ) At this point the malignant neoplastic disease is able to be treated but considered incurable. ( Millan, G. 2010, p.149 ) Prostate malignant neoplastic disease can be treated in many different ways depending on what phase it is detected and the badness of its growing. These intervention options include hormonal, surgery and radiation interventions. ( Prostate Cancer, 2012, para 7 ) Today there are 6 types of standard interventions available for those diagnosed with prostate malignant neoplastic disease these are alert waiting, surgery, radiation therapy, endocrine therapy, chemotherapy and biologic therapy. Patients can besides choose to take portion in clinical tests of new types of interventions. Current clinical interventions consist of Cryosurgery, high strength focused ultrasound and Proton beam radiation therapy. ( National Cancer Institute, 2012, para 1-2 ) Usually it is recommended that a clinical intervention be carried out in concurrence with a standard method of intervention. ( Prostate Cancer, 2012, para 7 ) The interventions are categorized into two groups ; healing intervention and non-curative intervention. Curative intervention works towards bring arounding the disease either by surgery to take the malignant neoplastic disease or destructing the malignant neoplastic disease cells by agencies of radiation therapy. Non-curative interventions are used when the malignant neoplastic disease has spread and there is no longer a opportunity of cure spot there is still a high possibility of decelerating the patterned advance of the malignant neoplastic disease down. ( MOH, 2008, p12 ) There are many factors which increase the possibility of a adult male developing prostatic malignant neoplastic disease. Harmonizing to Mead ( 1992 ) surveies have shown that those who have had a vasectomy are at an increased hazard of developing prostate malignant neoplastic disease later in life. ( Mead, N. , 1992, Para 2 ) A vasectomy is the procedure in which a male becomes unfertile, unable to bring forth seeds incorporating sperm. This is achieved by holding the two tubings, which carry sperm from the testicles to the phallus, cut and blocked. ( Mancini, L.A, 2012, para1 ) Although a vasectomy reversal is possible the determination to hold the process done should be exhaustively thought through, taking into consideration all of the hazards and advantages as a vasectomy reversal is non effectual one hundred per centum of the clip. Merely 40-75 % of the clip the reversal is a success. ( Mancini, L.A. , 2012, para 1 ) Some advantages of under traveling a vasectomy as a signifier of long-run sterilisation over other processs available are it is a cheaper, less invasive and is considered safer compared with the likes of the female process ; a tubal ligation. ( Ezekiel & A ; Co, 2010, para 1 ) A Vasectomy is a one time off process that does non necessitate any pills or devices used for birth control that are likely to bury to be taken. It is considered a dependable method of birth control and harmonizing to Relay Clinical Education there is merely a 0.1 % opportunity of falling pregnant after a vasectomy. ( Relay Clinical Education, 2012, p.4 ) With all advantages lie hazards and it is good known that a vasectomy, although rare can neglect at any point, this normally occurs shortly after the process, ensuing in an unexpected gestation. ( Halder, N, 2000, para 1-2 ) There are besides physical hazards and disadvantages which include swelling of the testicles, some degree of uncomfortableness, and some hemorrhage in the scrotum may be experienced following the process. Like all surgical scratchs or cuts there is besides hazard of infection and extra hemorrhage. Although rare chronic hurting in one or both of the testiss can besides be an issue and as a local anaesthetic is required these is ever hazard of it non working efficaciously or the patient holding an allergic reaction to the drugs. ( Relay Clinical Education, 2012, p.4 ) In decision work forces ‘s wellness today is more recognized to be an of import manner of future coevalss. Society is altering for the better of work forces and work forces are being encouraged to assist themselves and inquire for aid. Work force today attention about their wellness and good being, and are making more to better both their physical and psychological wellness along with covering with their emotional wellness. Key factors behind populating an gratifying life and keeping good wellness come from a combination of maintaining fit, healthy feeding, looking and experiencing younger, great sex, being involved in healthy relationships, taking a stress free life style and holding assurance. There are many effectual options available for the bar, sensing and intervention of prostate malignant neoplastic disease depending on the person ‘s instance. Like all processs a vasectomy has many advantages and disadvantages that need to be extremely considered before any pick about household planning is made.

Effectiveness of Time and Financial Management Essay

The researchers chose 7 different scholars to conduct a survey about the chosen topic. Most of the respondents came from student assistant’s category and the others came from the category of academic scholars. These scholars were given scholarships from Ozanam Study Grant Program and Megaworld Foundation. On the range of their ages, 17-22 years old were the students who were given an opportunity they wanted to have. The scholars being interviewed have a daily allowance of more or less 150 pesos. On the Graph 1.1 being shown below are some of the expenses of the following students. Graph 1.1 A little number of respondents said that they stay in boarding houses that cost them Php 1,600 to Php 1,700. Literally, the cost was being solved by their parents. 3 out of 7 students said that both of their parents are self-employed. 1 respondent said that his/her parents run a business and another corresponds to unemployed parents. The rest of the students match up on other answers like their father/mother neither is an overseas Filipino worker, a tricycle driver, a plain housewife nor was deceased. Researchers proceed to the monthly income of their parents in able to measure the financial background of each and every respondent. Graph 1.2 illustrates the possible monthly income of the parents of these learners. Graph 1.2 As you can see, there is an equality of 14,000 and lower and 15,000-20,000 income. It is based on the survey being conducted by the researchers and from the occupation of their parents. On the part of their financial management, they spent the biggest part of their allowance for their food (50%) followed by their transportation and some other expenses. This shows that food is very important especially for the scholars like them. Food is an essential and they must not ignore because of the responsibilities they have in the university. The primary reason of the pupils asked in preferring themselves in being a scholar of Adamson University is that because they wanted to help their parents in decreasing the expenses. In this reason, an individual can determine that financial or money matters are the first basis in order for them to have financial management. Other reasons are for them to gain independency. The effectiveness of financial management is measured by proper usage of money and thinking a creative way of using up money. The researchers also find ways on evaluating time supervision of scholars. Because of a more number of student assistants being interviewed, most of their time is allotted on their duties. Here is Graph 1.3 that shows how long an ordinary scholar uses his /her time in the university. Graph 1.3 Take a look of the graph that has been illustrated by the researchers. Student D and F are academic scholars. According to the information gathered from the survey, these students are academic scholars. As academic scholars, their worlds are focused on studying. They usually spend time in resting, studying and even have a time for leisure. On the other hand, the remaining students (A, B , C and E) make use of their time in duties and offices. Equalizing time in each activity of a student like them is not easy to do. Like on the Graph 1.3, student assistants are divided in different opinions. Some of them were able to balance their time and others cannot. Same answer was derived by academic scholars. However, they also answered it depends on the situation. Situations are unpredictable and make equalization of time in different planned activities. Somehow, all of them have a time for rest and have a break after long hours from school. Lastly, as a scholar, grade is the most important or basis in acquiring scholarships. Grades of these scholars are not affected by activities being done in school. Therefore, these learners have a good strategic measures in managing their time and studies. Conclusion Based on the presented and interpreted data above, the following conclusions were drawn: 1. That most of the scholars spend their money more on food for it is an essential need. 2. That most of the scholars wanted to help their parents to reduce the number of expenses. 3. That most of the scholars allot their time to school by doing different duties but assures that grades of them will not be affected.

Preventing accidents to children Essay

One of the hazards in the nursery is wires. To minimize the risk of children tripping over wires, wires should be tidied away out of the areas where the children are to prevent them from tripping up over them. Also, cable management systems such as cord covers could be used to cover the wires which make it less likely that the children could trip over them. The Healthy Working Lives website advises to ‘try to place equipment to avoid cables crossing pedestrian routes and use cable guards to cover cables where required’ (Healthy Working Lives, 2013). Slips/ Trips and fall is another hazard in a nursery and to minimise it so that service users are not at risk you can make sure that such hazards are put onto a side where it is not in the way of children. For e.g. if toys are in the walkway then tidy them away to a side. The Safety and Health website says that to prevent slips trips and falls you should ‘clean up spills immediately. If a spill can’t be cleaned up right away, place â€Å"wet floor† warning signs for workers. Keeps walkways and hallways free of debris, clutter and obstacles. Keep filing cabinets and desk drawers shut when not in use. Cover cables or cords in walkways. Replace burnt-out light bulbs promptly. Consider installing abrasive floor mats or replacing worn flooring. Encourage workers to wear comfortable, properly fitted shoes’. (Safety and Health, 2016) Another hazard in a nursery Weather/ Room temperature. To minimise the risk of children professionals and other in the setting suffering from hyper/hypothermia the nursery should ensure that the setting is suitable for service users to be in. This can be done by nursery staff making sure that the setting has an appropriate temperature for e.g. if its cold outside then they should ensure that the nursery is nice and warm for the service users’ and others who work or maybe visiting the nursery. If the temperature outside is too hot then The Nursery World advises to ‘avoid physical activities on very hot days to minimise the risks of heat stress, heat exhaustion and heatstroke.’ (Nursery World, 2015) Hazardous substances – cleaning products, beach etc. is one of the major hazards in a nursery as the harms and severity are very critical. In order to minimise the risk of this hazard substances and cleaning products should be placed out of children’s reach or placed in a locked cleaning cupboard. The Health and Safety Executive website advises to ‘Use good work techniques that avoid or minimise contact with harmful substances and minimise leaks and spills. Store cleaning products safely.’ (The Health and Safety Executive, No Date) In a nursery Doors/ stairs is also another hazard. In order to ensure that no service users are harmed by this hazard and the risk of potentially being harmed to be reduced the nursery should place some control measure to prevent them and they could be things such as door-slam stoppers or jammer. The Safe Kid website advises to fit hinges with protection strips ‘these devices cover the hinge where the door is joined to the wall. They are a long strip of plastic, easily fitted, that bend with the door when it opens, preventing children from slotting their fingers in.’ (Safe Kids, 2015) Open windows can be hazardous for service users as well as other people in the setting. The risk can also be very severe for this the nursery should try to minimise the risk of children being harmed. This can be done by placing some barriers such as gates around the window so children can jump out, this can also help safeguarding as no intruders will be able to enter. The Baby Centre website advises to ‘fit locks to prevent your child from opening them from the bottom. Fix low windows so that they don’t open more than 12.5cm.’ (Baby Centre, 2017) Faulty electrical equipment’s are another hazard in a nursery. This hazards has an overall rating of 12 but it can severely affect service users, professionals and others in the setting. In order to minimise this risk all electrical equipment’s should be regularly tested, any electric’s that are broken or can be hazardous to people should be disposed of or put out of use. This is supported by The Nursery World website that says ‘All electrical and gas equipment to be maintained and subject to annual inspections. The service histories of appliances should be recorded in a log book.’ (Nursery World, 2017) Medication or drugs lying around in the nursery is another hazard. To minimise professionals should keep an eye on service users to ensure that they don’t do anything that could place them in harm. This can be done by professionals making sure that the setting is safe for the children. Any medication that are in the premises should be authorised by the nursery nurse or it should be a prescribed by doctors. These medication should be kept by professionals and given to service users as prescribed. The Kids Health website advises to ‘Store all medicines, prescription and non-prescription, out of sight and out of reach of children, preferably in a locked cabinet. Even items that seem harmless, such as mouthwash, can be extremely dangerous if ingested in large quantities by children. Just because cabinets are up high doesn’t mean kids can’t get their hands on what’s in them, they’ll climb up (using the toilet and countertops) to get to items in the medicine cabinet.’ (The kids Health, 2017) Climbing frames/ broken toys can also be hazard in a nursery as service users can be harmed during playtime or when doing activities. To minimise this risk the nursery should make sure that all their equipment’s have a risk assessment done, make sure that the toys in the nursery aren’t harmful to the children, broken toys can be a hazard as service users may fall of them and gets hurt or it may drop on them depending on what toy it is. When children are playing on the climbing frames a professional should keep an eye on them or help them on this activity as they may fall from it and get injured. Toys with sharp edges should be avoided and the nursery should have age-appropriate toys. The safe Kids website says that ‘Useful points to consider include what to look for when buying toys, understanding safety marks and labelling, ensure that the right safety checks have been carried out, and considerations when giving and receiving used toys.’ (Safe Kids, 2011) Another potential hazard in a nursery is the event of a fire. If the nursery have control measures in place then the likelihood of a fire can be reduced. Control measure could be equipment’s that may cause a fire being checked and tested regularly, cookers and gas check should also be up to date and recorded on a logbook. The Kids Health website supports this by saying that making sure all electrical appliances are tested, making sure that wires are in good condition and sockets are safe to use. Fire alarms, fire doors etc. should be installed in the case of a fire and the Safety website says that the three P’s are recommended, they are: †¢ ‘PREPARE – Reduce the risk of fires by eliminating hazards. †¢ PRACTICE – Practice a fire evacuation plan and general fire safety practices. †¢ PREVENT – The Unthinkable’

GEOGRAPHY - PAPER ABOUT SOUTH AFRICA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

GEOGRAPHY - PAPER ABOUT SOUTH AFRICA - Essay Example Population distribution is following: 0-14 years: 38% (female 8,842,764; male 9,091,722), 15-64 years: 56% (female 12,825,617; male 12,508,039), more than 65 years: 6 % (female 1,047, 285; male 780, 032). Total population growth rate is 2,02%. Birth rate is 31, 34/1000 population and death rate is about 7,02/1000 population. Infant mortality rate is 36,2 deaths/1000 live births, and it decreases annually for about 2 per cent. Life expectancy is following: for total population – 67,42 years, for males – 64,68 years; for females -69,54 years, and it tends to increase from year to yer. Total fertility rate is about 3,4 children born/woman. Ethnic divisions are following: black – 75,2%, white -13,6%, colored- 8,6%, Indians – 2,6 %. The most widespread religions are: Christianity (the majority of colored and whites and approximately 60% of blacks), Islam – 2 %, Hinduism – about 60% of Indians. There are 11 official languages in South Africa, which include English, Ndebele, Pedi, Afrikaans, Swazi, Tsonga, Xhosa, Zulu and others, as the Figure 1 shows. Literacy rates are following: total population – 86 per cent, males – 90 %, females – 83%. There are about 16 million economically active people, occupied in following areas: agriculture -30%, services -35%, industry -28%, mining-14%, other -4%. One of the acutest demographic problems is spreading of HIV/AIDS (Figure 2), and about 22% of adults are HIV/positive. Thus, the many medical anti-AIDS campaigns, which propagate safe and healthy life, have already been realized. 2) The most widespread resources of South Africa are following: renewable natural resources: water, agricultural resources (such as soil), air, forests (about 3% of the whole area). Non-renewable resources: chromium, coal, gold, antimony, nickel, tin, diamonds, natural gas, nickel, platinum, copper, vanadium, phosphates, uranium. Political resources are

Sexuality and Relationships Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sexuality and Relationships - Research Proposal Example This is why learning about sexual relationships is important (Hibbert 9). I would like my instructor and classmates to get to know all my findings and be well aware and informed of the matters that concern sexual violence, suicide and homicide. These acts happen frequently and most of them never reach the attention of the relevant authority (Levers 357). Cases of suicide, violence and even homicide are on the rise especially among couples and romantic partners. This wave has touched all people who have achieved their puberty and are sexually active. To make the matter worse, it is very rampant in homes, families with children; even these children in one way or another become victims of the consequences associated with such violence and deaths. Kids from such families are usually associated with bad behaviors and characters, psychological problems and even violence. The wars and raging emotions that arise in such families affect the kids directly, leading to other forms of bad social situations related to bad parenting, stress and trauma. Research Focus Sexuality increases acts of violence, suicide and homicide in relationships. Through this research, I seek to know why love/sexual relationship would lead to one’s own destruction. My research questions are: Why are the cases of violence, suicide and homicide more rampant among the persons involved in sexual relationships? Most of these partners are in love and have stayed together for years. This should create a stronger understanding and tolerance to each other. Why then do they fight and murder each other? In families, how does it actually interfere with the normal development milestones of their children? This research will seek to find out how sex induces violence, suicide and homicide among partners, and to figure out how the duration of the relationship becomes a factor in this and, to provide knowledge of how these acts negatively impact the children that find themselves born in the affected famili es. There is a need for increased monetary support for psychosexual studies (Kearney and Alison 697). This research involves and targets the sexually active individuals who are above the age of 18. Carrying it out during the convenient hours when everyone is at home and free would enhance accuracy since it will involve personal approaches. Therefore, its schedule is set only during the weekends and holidays. This time limitation stretches the aggregate time for the whole research to a minimum of 9 months. To save time and funds, I will collect data from 3 neighborhoods, 2 colleges and 5 universities since much female sexual coercion occurs on campuses (Duncan 107). Learning institutions make an indispensible part of this research. Across the United States, dating violence is very rampant in higher learning institutions with 9% men and 15% women victimized (Levers 357). I will collect data from about 100 spouses randomly chosen and about 200 individuals. It will cover a specific regi on, areas of a common county where other factors such as culture and lifestyle preferences will extensively remain constant. This will eliminate impurities from other social aspects to achieve a more honest outcome. Sexual relationship is a crucial social and procreation tool, but the violence and deaths it induces spoil the entire beautiful picture. Positive interactions are important

Analysis of the Monster by Eminem ft. Rihanna Essay

Analysis of the Monster by Eminem ft. Rihanna - Essay Example This "Analysis of the â€Å"Monster† by Eminem ft. Rihanna" essay analyses and identifying the arguments and thesis of the video called "The Monster" which is sung by Eminem and Rihanna. He repeatedly identifies himself to be the Monster. He even uses the reminder of his relationship with the Monster in the chorus to allude to how effectively his ego has inflated, as well as, how tormenting it can to deal with his fame at times. â€Å"†¦I think I’m getting so huge I need a shrink. I’m beginning to lose sleep; one sheep, two sheep. Going cuckoo and cooky as Kool Keith†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Line 13-15). The lyrics depict the theme of egoism and fame that makes artists thrive in the music industry. Meanwhile the monster under the bed as portrayed in the song depicts the inner voice that drives the artists in their singing.Though, it is devilish it is like a hidden power that makes an artist unique from others. It is a fact that every human being will enjoy recognition, the key source of happiness for different artists as it determines their survival that their ego develops. Once a person is established well, this ego conflicts with the natural occurring minds, therefore, delineate between the two distinct voices that are portrayed in the song. â€Å"To intervene between me and this monster†¦ And save me from myself and all this conflict†. Everyone knows how treacherous it may be in overwhelming the single-mind based voices. Therefore, it can be tricky and disturbing in sleeping as a minor ailment amongst a two or many voice environment as portrayed by Eminem.

Anti Discrimination Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Anti Discrimination Law - Case Study Example Discrimination is strictly condemned and discouraged everywhere in Europe, though there are slight differences between the European law and the English law in the determination of rights and obligations delegated by the constitution to the public at large. It is, therefore, the courts and tribunals adjudicating the cases, both civil and criminal in nature, take into serious consideration the facts regarding whether there is any sign of prejudiced behavior made by any member or organization of society while dealing with the complainant or treating as well as interacting with him under the biased attitude. In addition, the law forbids bestowing of more favors to anyone because of his personality traits and features. The provisions of law aim to set up a society where equality, justice, and fair play can be observed in all walks of life. Hence several acts have been issued and bills have been passed in order to combat the discrimination dilemma with an iron hand. Though law always recom mends equality and justice to all and sundry, it is not actually the case in reality. On the contrary, exploitation of minority groups and biased behavior towards the weaker stratum of society is actually in vogue in almost all societies of the world. Before embarking upon the topic under study, it would be advisable to define anti-discrimination law. Anti-discrimination law refers to the statute of law that prohibits any special rights or privileges to the individuals belonging to some particular race, gender, ethnicity, age group or towards the persons obtaining any physical as well as mental abilities or disabilities. The law also prohibits violation and condemnation of human rights of the individuals on the basis of their innate characteristics.

History - Renassiance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

History - Renassiance - Essay Example Despite Senate sanction, the triumvirate was in realty a military junta and the Senate was completely cut off from power. In the proscription that followed, political rivals, including 300 Senators, were executed and their property seized. Julius Caesar was officially deified, further strengthening Octavian’s position as the divi filius, or son of God. The forces of Brutus and Cassius, Caesar’s assassins, were defeated by Octavian and Antony at Philippi in 42 B.C. This can be viewed as the end of any hope of resurrecting the Roman Republic. The final blow against the forces of the old Republic was struck when Octavian’s general, Agrippa, defeated Sextus Pompeius in 36 B.C. at the Battle of Naulochus. Octavian used Antony’s Egyptian connection with Cleopatra to manipulate Roman public opinion against him, culminating in Antony’s defeat at Actium in 31 B.C. Octavian shrewdly adopted the role of defender of the Republic. He brilliantly portrayed Actium as a triumph for the Senate and the Republic, rather than his defeat of a hated rival. He was now in absolute control of Rome. Octavian maintained the elaborate fiction of restoring the Roman Republic by retaining the traditional practices such as consuls, senate and tribunes. By remaining Consul from 31 – 23 B.C., holding the tribunician authority and controlling all the important provinces, Octavian firmly kept the reins of power in his own hands. At the same time, he avoided all external trappings of dictatorship or monarchy. He announced the end of the civil wars with the Pax Romana, executed an ambitious building program and strengthened the economy. In 27 B.C. Octavian brilliantly orchestrated the First Settlement, under which he apparently surrendered his powers to the Senate and was ‘persuaded’ to take them back! He was bestowed the title of ‘Augustus,’ or revered, but claimed to be content to

Self-Defence and the War on Terror Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Self-Defence and the War on Terror - Essay Example Self-defence seems to be the viable option for many states in the use of force. Some states have even managed to justify their actions under self-defence principles, even if their actions did not exactly fulfil the minimum requirements of Article 51. Since self-defence is an exception to Article 2(4), the policy of the courts in interpreting self-defence has mostly been on the adoption of restrictive considerations (Sahmoudi, 2010). An attempt to expand the coverage of self-defence has been considered under anticipatory self-defence, an attack which is carried out before any initial attack by an aggressor state has been launched. However, widespread acceptance of this new concept has been largely. When the collapse of the USSR caused the world to accept the regime of the US as the one remaining superpower, the possibilities for more general claims on the right to use force has been seen. Most of these possibilities have centred on self-defence and the right to defend against an antic ipated attack. ... One of the main issues in this debate has revolved around whether or not a person has to strictly interpret the legal basis of the Charter or whether or not there can be a more lenient or flexible application of the rules in relation to the current changes in the global community (Bring and Fisher, 2004). The settlement of this debate has been based on a positivist approach to international law. This positivist approach points out that international law are standards which must be interpreted as set rules for similar scenarios, and therefore must be respected by all states. Another approach is the realistic approach which mandates international laws as a way of fulfilling goals and securing some values on the other (Sahmoudi, 2010). The positivist approach is supported by those who believe in the need to control expansion and the use of force and selfish interests (Crossley, 2008). The realistic approach theorists base their perceptions on concepts of human dignity; they justify the use of force as a means of confronting an evil power (Crossley, 2008). In the current context, this paper shall now consider the application of self-defence in the face of the present war against terrorism. Its legality and its appropriate applications shall be evaluated in this paper. Decisions of the International Court of Justice, as well as opinions rendered by legal scholars the court shall also be discussed. Body After the September 11, 2001 attacks on the US, the UN Security Council immediately passed a resolution which basically condemned the attack. The Security Council also reiterated its goal of opposing all threats on national and international security initiated by terrorist organizations (Berdal, 2003). It also acknowledged the right of states to

Narrative about a fictional town named McMinden Essay

Narrative about a fictional town named McMinden - Essay Example The following passage clearly shows that migration is prevalent in the town of McMinden; McMinden is a small city in the farm belt, with a population of 20,000, along the Gilligan river. German immigrants began populating the Gilligan river valley beginning in the 1880’s, along with other white settlers moving west from Kentucky and Indiana, as well as a few black settlers from the South. The concept of sociological perspective is being followed generally in the town as it is followed everywhere in the world. In our general life it is seen that if an Asian migrates to United States then he tends to adopt the same perspective as being practiced in United States. The division of social classes was not broad enough in the previous times as it has become now. The prestige of individuals was not judged upon by their level of wealth but it was rather inherited or attained by their reputation of righteousness. Power existed in the olden times too but it generally was categorized for limited individuals. Nowadays it is seen that power is abruptly managed by a lot of individuals. All these individuals are key players in the decision making of the society. Social classes can also be witnessed in the town of McMinden as shown by the following passage; The richest part of the town is a subdivision built around Lake Elmo.

Racing Neighbors Cause Crashing Communities Essay Example for Free

Racing Neighbors Cause Crashing Communities Essay Many neighborhoods face serious community problems because of certain factors and they have a certain effect on the people living in the communities. I live around a community where there are a lot of car street races which happen on a regular basis and it creates major chaos over the weekends. Seems like it is not a major issue, however, these street races cause major trouble to all the neighbors as it creates noise, causes accidents, creates trouble for all the stores around, for people travelling at night and so on. Every weekend, a specific parking lot in the town of Farmingdale is filled with Hot Rods, college students, high school students and even adults, not to mention, cops too. This is a huge parking lot outside a mall which has plenty of room for cars and is connected to a highway-route 110. It is the main attraction for guys and girls with hot rods. I heard a lot of stories about this location and about the races taking place there every weekend so I decided to take a look for myself before I could believe any of this. One night, I made a trip to this famous parking lot! At first, when I got to the parking lot, all I saw was a few random cars parked with some guys standing around them and talking to each other in groups. I parked my car there and stopped to watch what happens. I was extremely curious because I had only heard of these kind of scenes in movies and never thought it would be the reality. A little after 11pm, a group of cars came into the parking lot with extremely loud exhaust pipes and loud music. As they revved up the engines my adrenaline started pumping. I could not believe what my eyes saw. A large number of cars drove in and parked there. There were people of all different age groups coming in from high school students, to college students and even elderly men around the age of forty who wanted to show off their hot rods. Soon after, some drivers including female drives took their cars out into the driveway and started drifting and performing rolling burnouts to get the crowd excited. I stepped out of my car and stood there to watc h. These people were enjoying themselves with loud music, alcohol, dancing with girls and screaming and shouting. I was shocked when a few high school kids approached me to ask me  about my car because these kids were 9th graders who had sneaked out of their houses at midnight with their parents cars for these races. After around half an hour, a group of cars revved up their engines and started moving towards route 110 so I decided to follow. Once we got onto route 110 they start driving like crazy people over speeding and cutting lanes and eventually turned onto a street off route 110. This lane was completely isolated and there were barely any cars parked there so they lined up their cars there and made a roadblock at the two ends of the lane and started having drag races which made a lot of sound and obviously called in for cops. This is where the major problems from these races start. Once the cops come in, chaos occurs. These guys get into their cars and started racing off from these race sites in all different directions to avoid getting caught. They go onto the main roads and over speed causing accidents not only for themselves but even other innocent people. They also disturb so many people’s sleep at night with all the noise they create. They get into accidents, get caught and pay fines, cause trouble to other drivers on the road and so on. This is a major community problem as it attracts a lot of students in the community from not only colleges but also high schools. These kids have illegal modifications on their cars which adds to money in the black market. It also encourages many others to join this racing league which leads to accidents and deaths. There is a lot of illegal betting and gambling, underage drinking, over speeding and many such laws broken which cause serious community problems every weekend and according to me this should be checked and stopped as soon as possible!

Online Grading System Essay Example for Free

Online Grading System Essay Today, many pre-school, elementary and high school students in their school are not use an automated system in daily life. But there are so many schools are still using manual system. Grading System is the most commonly used in computing and analyzing the performance, talents and skills of the students and for achievement and assist in identifying problems of the student? It is the important record to keep even for the longest time for the referral and credentials of the student to enter their next level of attaining their goals. Grading System for Data Accuracy will help a lot in the part of teachers, school, administration and as well as the security of data of students and tract record that recognizes of one student, this maybe use for analyzing of your attitude and values. Based on our research, the school of San Guillermo Academy in Talisay , Batangas is using a manual computation of grades of each student, which the teachers are using Microsoft excel to compute the grades of each students and they have no registrar, just the adviser of their section releasing their grades. Manual computation is very prompt to risk for any circumstances. It is time consuming in terms of recording grades, computation using of calculator. If some records are lost, they never retrieve it in case of unexpected calamity. Accuracy and security is not been so defined. The proposed system in San Guillermo Academy is an Automated Online Grading System where it will provide in the internet and made by using database and web development. This Online Grading System is unique because grade in each subject that just need to be able to compute the particular average grades of the each student. It consist of an office of the registrar where all the grades of each student in San Guillermo Academy took place and the office of the registrar will take charge to release all  grades of the student. Having an Automated and Online Grading System for the said school will give an unique formula that will be use in getting or computing the grades of the students and system where personnel can encode the student’s grade. Using the different formula in computing of student’s grades of the said school is not accurate and/or different result in other student’s grades using another different formula. Thus, having an Automated Grading System for the said school will become easy, accurate and time saving for the Teachers, Personnel as well as the students. Background of the Study The San Guillermo Academy Grading System today is processed manually, it causes the teachers doing heavy task of computing grades every grading period. The manual Grading System in San Guillermo Academy slows down the processing and delaying submission of grades as well as the security of data of the students has not been defined in manual system. The computerized grading system will benefit the school and help the students to view their grades every examination period. The rapid advancement of computers in our society has made our daily workloads easier and more accurate. With its vast development, we need to set ourselves in its change and go with its flow. Statement of the problem 1. Is automated grading system can retrieve any student records than manual grading system? 2. Is Manual grading system gives more accurate, efficiency and easy to use than the automated grading system? 3. Is manual grading system makes the task easier and less consuming of time than the automated grading system? 4. Is there any significance between the manual grading systems to the automated grading system?

Visual Culture Studies

Visual Culture Studies Visual Culture is everything that is seen, that is produced to be seen, and the way in which it is seen and understood. Representation is the way a person interprets symbols and images of a culture and the way these images explain why the world is the way it is . The Visual Culture approach acknowledges the reality of living in a modern world . Since childhood, a person’s brain uses representation of images into meanings to make sense of their world. For an example , It is that part of culture that communicates through visual means . If some special moment didn’t capture in your camera, you can digitally manipulate it on your computer. The queues are longer for the virtual reality at New York’s State Building . This virtual city will be joined shortly by Paris Las Vegas , copying the carefully manipulated image of the city of light. Life in this alter reality world is some times looks more pleasant than the real things, some time contrary to this. Way back in 197 9 same sex marriage was opposed by the united States Congress but later when the sitcom character Ellen shown on television , millions of people liked it. On the other hand , virtual reality has long been favoured by the armed forces as a training arena, bring it into practice in Gulf war at a huge cost of human life. This is known as visual culture. It is not just a part of your everyday life, it is your everyday life.. Pictorial presentation is an impactful way forward communication for observing the new visuality in the culture.   Nearly every form of visual media a person comes into contact with a photograph, which is undisputable evidence of an event. There is the myth of photographic truth, which means that photographs are subjective, yet can be manipulated and taken in different contexts. For an example the photographs taken by Nazi’s during the holocaust. The photographs denote that Nazis killed millions of people, but the photographs may also take on many connotative meanings of the two connotative meanings mentioned with the Nazi pictures they each hold different ideologies; ideas that form a culture. The ideas of ideology are usually taken in as the views of most of the population of a given culture, therefore ideologies define cultures. An American ideology is the belief in independent freedom while a communist ideology is communal sharing. How are these ideologies passed on in a culture? They start off in schools and places that people gather. Malls are filled with advertisements. There are ads that symbolize skinny brunettes wearing Chanel as the perfect woman, which is what most men and women tend to take as truth. Then there are ads to enlist people into the army, which give a message of a strong country run by individuals. The idea of interpretation is that people are made up of the different ideologies with which they come in contact with through out their lives. In this case a person might enlist in the army to be a part of a strong country while another might buy a Chanel dress to look like the woman in the ad. This newly visual existence may be confusing. For example the new visuality of culture is not the same as understanding it . Indeed the gap between the wealth of visual experience in contemporary cult ure the ability to analyse that observation marks either of the opportunities and the need for visual culture as a field of study. People get crazy to visuals of a skinny brunette wearing the Chanel clothes, rather than a overweight lady with red hair. This can be explained through psychoanalytic theory. It implies that people get feelings out of images because they tend to bond with them. In the case of the advertisements , a person might have been brought up in a culture that implies that skinny brunettes are the pretties of all. At a young age that person accepted that idea as true and holds it to this day, ending up buying a Chanel dress just because the lady in the ad is a skinny brunette. Visual culture is concerned with visual events in which information, meaning or pleasure is sought by the stakeholder in an interface with visual technology. I mean any form of apparatus designed either to be looked at or to enhance the natural vision , from oil painting to television the internet. Postmodernism has been defined as the crisis of modernism , that is to say wide ranging complex of ideas and modes of representation ranging from over arching beliefs in progress to theories of the rise of abstract printing . Now these means of representation is no long seems to be convincing until unless any alternative having emerged. The post modernisation is the crisis called by modernisation and modern culture confronting the failure of its own strategy of visualising . Also, we can say it is the visual crisis of the culture creates post modernity, not its textuality . While print culture is certainly not going to disappear, the fascination with the visual and its effect that was a key feature of modernism has endangered a postmodern culture that is at its most post modern when it is visual. The globalization of the visuals taken together demands new means of interpretation. At the same time , the transformation of the postmodern also requires rewriting of historical explanations of modernism in order to account for visual turn. We feel human experience is now more visual impressive. In many ways , people in industrialized post – industrialized societies now live in visual culture to an extent that seems to divide present from the past. Popular journalism constantly remarks on digital imagery in films, the advent of post photography and developments in medical imaging , not to mention the endless tide of comment devoted to the internet . It is evident post modernism is visual culture. Despite the vast range of alternatives , visual culture is a tactic to which to study the genealogy, definitions functions of post modern everyday life. The fragmented culture that we call postmodernism is best imagined and understood visually, just as the nineteenth century was classically represented in the news papers novel. Western culture has consistently privileged the spoken word as the highest form of intellectual practice and seen visual representation is secondly rated examples of ideas. Western philosophy now use a pictorial , rather than textual , model of the world , marking a significant challenges to the notion of the world as a written text that dominated so much intellectual discussion in the wake of such linguistic based movements as structuralism and post structuralism . While those working on with visual media might find such remarks rather patronizing , they are the measure of the extent to which even literary studies have been forced to conclude that the world as a text has been challenged by the world a picture. Such world pictures can not be purely visual, but by the same token , the visual disrupts and challenges any attempts to define culture in completely linguistic terms. Visual culture has a history that needs exploring and defining in the modern as well as post modern period. Many current uses of the term have suffered from vagueness that makes it little more than a buzzword. For some critics , visual culture is simply ‘the history of images’. Visual culture is used in a far more interactive senses , concentrating on the determining role of visual culture in the wider culture to which it belongs. Such a history of visual culture is debated , contested transformed as constantly challenging place of social interaction definition in terms of class, gender sexual identities. One critic in communication studies had made a point that this work entails ‘greater level of uncertainty risk ‘ than have often been used until now. As visual culture is still an idea in the making , rather than a well- defined existing field , this aims to help in its definition of visual culture rather than present it as a given. Visualising the things which are not in themselves visual is one of the most striking features of the new visual culture. A world picture doesn’t mean the picture of the world but the world perceived, conceived grasped as a picture. The world picture does not change from an earlier medieval one into a modern one, but rather the world becomes picture at all is what distinguishes the essence of the modern age. Visual culture doesn’t not depends on pictures but on this modern tendency to picture or visualise existence. One of the important objective of visual culture is to understand how these complex pictures come together. It direct our attention away from structured , formal viewing settings , like cinema to the centrality of visual feelings in everyday life. At present different notions of viewing are within between all the various visual sub disciplines. Of course, it does make a sense to differentiate . Our attitude varies whether we go to see movie , attend any art exhibition or see television. Most important thing to note here is our visual experience take place aside from these formally structured moments of looking. Just as cultural studies has sought to understand the ways in which people interpreting the meaning from the stock of mass culture , so does the visual culture prioritize everyday feel of the visual from the snapshot to TV and even the blockbuster art exhibition. Visual culture is a necessarily historical subject , based on the recognition that the visual image is not stable but change its relationship to exterior reality at particular moments of modernity. Perspective system , for example, depends upon the viewer examining the image from one point only, using just one eye. No one actually does this , but the image is internally coherent and thus credible. A photograph necessarily shows us something that was at a certain point actually before the camera’s lens. This image is dialectical because it setup a relationship between the viewer in the present and in the past moment of space or time that it represents . Film or photographic image no longer reflects reality because everybody knows it can be manipulated by computers. Real time prevailing over real space , virtually dominating turning concept of reality on its head . If we recollect the film produced by ‘smart’ bombs which were used in Gulf war , showed targets being destroyed , only for it later to emerge that they missed as often as any other bomb. These virtualities of the post modern image constantly seem to elude our grasp, creating a crisis of the visual that is more than a specialized problem for the traditional visual disciplines. The concept of world picture is no longer adequate to analyse the changed and changing situation . Visual culture seek to find ways to work within this new (virtual) reality to find the points of resistance in the crisis of information and visual fever ( overload) in everyday life. It can also be argued that in modern warfare tactics ( i.e. imitation, manipulation simulation ) are necessary to defeat the enemy win the war. So , we can now see the collapse of reality in everyday life from the mass visual media. One photograph alone no longer shows the truth. Similarly, some of the most followed television series bear no resemblance to reality at all. But the visual is not simply the medium of information and mass culture. Its offers sensual immediacy that can’t be rivalled by print media. The very element that makes visual imagery of all kinds distinct from texts. For better understanding of visual culture let us give this feeling a name – the sublime. The sublime is the pleasurable experience in representation of that which would be painful in reality, going forward to realization of limits of the human powers of nature. The sublime was first theorized in antiquity by Longinus, who described how is our soul is uplifted by the true sublimes; it takes a proud flight and is filled with joy and vaunting, as though it has itself produced what it had heard. The sublime was given renewed importance by enlightenment philosopher Immanuel Kant, who called it ‘ a satisfaction mixed with horror’. Kant contrasted the sublime with the beautiful, seeing the former as a more complex and profound emotion leading a person with taste for the sublime to detest all chains from the gilded variety worn at court to the irons weighing down the galley slave. The study of Visual Culture can include anything from Painting, Sculpture, Installation, Video art, Digital art, Photography, Film, Television, The Internet, Mobile screenic devices, Fashion, Medical scientific imaging, Social spaces of museums, galleries, exhibitions, and other private and public environments of the everyday. Visual Culture Studies involves an analysis of contemporary culture, media and society It important to understand how societies construct their visual perspectives through knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, laws, and customs, amongst other things. All images are produced within dynamics of social power and ideology. Ideology is the shared set of values and belief which individuals live out their complex relations to a range of social structures. Ideologies often appear to be natural or given aspects of everyday life. The future of visual culture in everyday life is deep rooted like development of internet high definition TV , make clear that visualizing is here to stay. On the other side , there are those who have dedicated themselves to ensuring that visual culture is eradicated as a field of study. Casting visual culture in this light places it in the role of the underdog, which can be course be a very privileged in academic field. So the example of the institutionalisation of cultural studies in the United states is perhaps the best place to look for lessons for the fledging interdisciplinary. Analyzing visual culture is a useful tool in understanding more about the world in which we live in. One may see things in different aspect or an image might take upon new meaning, once its meaning is analyzed and truly understood. Through the process of representation, psychoanalytic theory, and photographic truth, one may find a whole new world in the very one that they live. Visual Culture studies provide us with the ability to analyse the visualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹

Gender Roles in Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare Essay

Throughout Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, there is an overlaying presence of the typical roles that men and women were supposed to play. During Elizabethan times there was a major difference between the way men and women were supposed to act. Men typically were supposed to be masculine and powerful, and defend the honor. Women, on the other hand, were supposed to be subservient to their men in their lives and do as ever they wished. In Romeo and Juliet the typical gender roles that men and women were supposed to play had an influence on the fate of their lives. The beginning of Act one opens with a brawl in the street between the servants of the Capulets and the Montagues. The origin of the fight introduces the important theme of masculine honor. Sampson, one of Capulets servants, shows this masculinity by saying, â€Å"Draw, if you be men.† (I.i.64). Later on in the play in Act II, scene i. the display of honor and masculinity comes up again during the fight between Mercutio and Tybault. As Mercutio lay slain Romeo says to him, â€Å"Courage, man. The hurt cannot be much.† (III.i.96). Even as his friend is dying the two men try and act masculine because they did not want to show their fears. But on the other side of this masculinity is love. For Elizabethan society believed that a man who loved too much lost his masculinity. Romeo clearly subscribes to that belief when he states that his love for Juliet made him â€Å"effeminate.† During Elizabethan times wo...

East of Eden Essay: Mans Creation of God Exposed :: East Eden Essays

Man's Creation of God Exposed in East of Eden      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "It would be absurd if we did not understand both angels and devils, since we invented them" (133). What would also be absurd would be if we chose to believe in them. The Bible is written like any modern day novel, it is written as though it is real. Of course, in a novel coming from a shepherding people, the all-powerful God character prefers sheep to fruit of the land. John Steinbeck's East of Eden-a retelling of the Cain and Abel story-helps explain many of the reasons why backwards religious ideas are clung to and the faults behind them. Through his characters, Steinbeck explores human nature to reveal the emotional need for religion and the situations in society that foster it.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In society, people cling to conformity. It's an easy way to avoid trouble or ridicule. Cyrus explains this to Adam when he's describing life in the army: "you'll do things because the others do them. You'll feel the danger in any difference whatever-a danger to the whole crowd of like-thinking, like-acting men." And what happens when someone doesn't conform? "The whole machine devotes itself coldly to the destruction of his difference." (25)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For many people it's much easier for them to not think for themselves. They let the group, society, or their leaders think for them. One example of this is the massive following religious leaders have. People are taught to have faith, that believing is seeing and not the other way around.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When Adam finds out that his father-a character who represents God to Charles and Adam-was a fraud he chooses to not believe it: "I believe in the war he did just what he said he did and was just where he said he was." What about the proof-the papers? "I believe they are wrong. I believe in my father" (70). So Adam chooses to believe in his father, even though there is proof that his father was a fraud, a lie, and refuses to even look at the papers.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   But why not look at the papers? What keeps Adam from facing facts? It is because "papers are no match at all for [his] faith in [his] father" (71). He has faith to protect him, closing your eyes to reason and looking with your heart instead. But this is beyond faith; this is blind faith-believing without seeing, trusting without reason.

Ancient Summerian Mythology :: essays research papers

Term Paper- Ancient Sumeria/Babylon   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the many ancient civilizations that need to be clarified is ancient Sumeria. Sumer was an ancient region in southern Mesopotamia, located in the extreme southeastern part of what is now Iraq. The land of Sumer was virtually devoid of human occupants until about 5000 BC, when settlers moved into the swamps at the head of the Persian Gulf and gradually spread northward up the lower Tigris-Euphrates Valley. Although the Sumerians as people disappeared, their language and literature continued to influence the religion of their successors. Their basic economic organization and system of writing cuneiform, architectural forms, and legal practices remained in use. â€Å"Later generations elaborated upon the mathematics and astronomy that the Sumerians had originated.† (Beret 113.)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Almost every culture or ancient civilization has a flood story. For example, in the Old Testament, there was a flood story that lasted forty days and forty nights. In the Sumerian civilization, there is a flood story as well. The motive for the flood story in the Old Testament is similar to the motive in the flood story in the Sumerian culture. This motive was to punish the wickedness of men. The flood happened in a city called Shurrupak. It stands on the bank of the Euphrates River. The city grew old and the gods that were in it grew old. The city was in an uproar and the god Enlil heard the clamor and he said to the god in the council, â€Å"The uproar of mankind is intolerable and sleep is no longer possible by reason of the babel.† (Bailey 59.) The gods decided to exterminate mankind. â€Å"For six days and six nights the winds blew, torrent and tempest and flood overwhelmed the world, tempest and flood raged together like warring hosts.† (Bailey 57.) Even the gods were terrified at the flood, they fled to the highest heaven, the firmament of Anu.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Babylonian civilizations, a god is responsible for reasoning and wisdom. This god of wisdom is Enki. Enki receives his power from the resources and fertility of the land. The myth of Inanna and the god of wisdom begins with Inanna delighting in her womanhood and wishing to test its powers. In this myth, Inanna goes on a journey. Inanna sets out to visit Enki, the god of Wisdom, who is also the god of Waters. In Sumerian, â€Å"Enki† means the god of the Earth.

Child by Tiger Essay

In Tomas Wolfe’s â€Å"The Child by Tiger,† Dick Prosser, an oppressed black man living in the South, symbolizes innocence and evilness. Although Dick appears as an extremely religious and respectful man in white society, he gradually allows evilness to consume him, causing Dick to embark on a killing spree. While conforming to the black role, Dick attempts to gain a positive reputation through treating the children with respect. He calls them by a â€Å"formal address – ‘Mr.’ Crane, ‘Mr.’ Potterham, ‘Mr.’ Spangler, ‘Cap’n’ Shepperton.† He teaches the boys how to play football and how to box so that he can live a better life. Through his chores, Dick constantly proves to be a respectful worker. He would even sing hymnals as he goes â€Å"about his work around the house.† Dick keeps his room â€Å"spotless as a barracks room† with only his Bible on his little table. Although he is a smart man, others still only see him as the â€Å"smartest darky.† On Sundays during church service, Dick would stand â€Å"neatly dressed in his good dark suit† and would â€Å"humbly† listen to the â€Å"entire sermon.† Although Dick is not allowed in the white church, he stands at the â€Å"side door† and recognizes the familiar verses from his â€Å"old Bible,† which is â€Å"worn out by constant use.† After years of oppression, Dick finally decided that he had enough. The day that Lon Everett, a white drunken man, â€Å"skidded murdously† and â€Å"sideswiped† Dick was the very same day that his â€Å"eyes went red.† Dick proceeds to tend to his master after the crash. Everett then â€Å"smashed him in the face† while Dick’s hands â€Å"twitched slightly† at his side. Once Everett punched Dick for the second time, blood comes â€Å"trickling† down his face. Dick moved swiftly down the street â€Å"shooting from the hip† killing both blacks and white whether they were guilty or innocent. One â€Å"old Negro man stuck out† his head and is shot without hesitation. Another â€Å"kindly,† â€Å"devoted,† â€Å"pleasant florid faced man† is murdered as well. Dick sees whites as the enemy as well as the blacks who do nothing to change the course of history. As Dick surrenders peacefully, he is â€Å"filled with bullets† by the â€Å"posse.† The men shot him some more and then took his â€Å"lifeless body† and â€Å"hung him to a tree† where they sprayed him with more bullets until he was a â€Å"riddled carcass.† He is brought back to town to be hung in a window like an animal as a warning to other blacks. Living as an oppressed black man in the South, Dick Prosser symbolizes both the good and evil in everyone through his good deeds and his ramped killing spree. Even though Dick clearly had the ability to fight back, he was held back by the white society because he had no rights.

Acid Rain Research Paper Essay

Rain is one of the most dire and essential needs for a thriving ecosystem, and to sustain human, animal, and plant life. The water provided by the water cycle, the event causing rain, is required to keep all life on Earth alive. Rain, although naturally acidic, seems to have been increasing at a rapid rate due to many reasons. Some of these many reasons include, pollution. Pollution from homes, factories, power stations, cars, and many more man-made products. So even though rain, while naturally acidic, was not referred to as â€Å"Acid Rain† till man-made pollutions began to alter it in a greater way. The effect of these pollutions on rain, is now the reason why acid rain is of existence. However, contrary to popular belief, acid rain isn’t just a problem that’s occurred in the past thirty years. Over a hundred years ago, a chemist named Robert Smith found great evidence that the rainfall in Manchester, U.K. was more acidic than reasonable. After studying chemicals like sulphur dioxide, he found a link between the increased acidity in the rain and the amount of chemicals being given off when coal was burnt in factories. Acidity levels in rain rise mainly when pollutants from all aforementioned sources are mixed with the atmospheric moisture. Due to this mixing of the atmosphere, it is incredibly hard to maintain and/or contain the levels of acidity in rain to a single area. Pollutants and chemicals may be carried in clouds over incredibly long distances before finally resulting in downpour. This means that outside of factories and industrial zones, acid rain can hit commercial areas, and can also spread to wildlife areas, such as rainforests, forests, jungles, and other biomes. All this attributes to the rising rates of acidic rain over the past 100 years. The effects of acid rain on living things, such as plants, marine life, animals, and humans? There is an obvious and increasing link between acid rain and the harm done to organic life. Primarily, since more easily documentable, human health seems to be affected the most in this trifle. People can be harmed by breathing in toxins, chemicals, and pollutants, from either dry deposits of this acid rain, or chemicals can be released through vapor/liquid form. This can range from causing chest illnesses, breathing problems, birth defects, and other unusual diseases more and more commonly being revealed as time progresses. Some birth defects include, but are not limited to, birth without certain limbs, birth without ability to reproduce, or lacking reproductive organs completely, and other respiratory conditions. These respiratory conditions occur because when toxins burrow into the lungs, it acts as a poison, and causes the airways to get narrower. The narrowing of the respiratory system’s airways causes it to become harder to breathe. The same conditions exist for other organic life, only in a slightly different manner. Marine life and animals seem to exhibit nearly the same conditions that humans do, except with less frequent birth rates with lack of limbs. Breathing gets more difficult for all living organisms with a respiratory system, or similar breathing mechanism. However, acid rain becomes a much more complex matter when dealing with plants. Over the progression of time, scientists have noted a slowed progression of forests, leaves turning brown and dying whereas they should be green and healthy. After massive conductions of tests, scientists have noted that acid rain is one of the primary reasons for dying/slowed/injured rainforests. In other studies, it’s shown that soil degradation is a product resulting from acid rain, mainly in the eastern regions of the US. The effects of acid rain on buildings? The acidity levels in rain have a much slower impact on constructions and buildings than they do on organic life, but the impact is still notice, increasingly over the past few years. It is a proven scientific fact that acids have a corrosive effect on many buildings and sculptures, most notably, the statue of liberty. The Statue Of Liberty, being made from  copper, has an extreme reaction when having dealt with acid rain. As well as having a dire effect on constructions of copper, other materials such as limestone and marble also have an extreme corrosive reaction to acids and acid rain. It is scientific fact that any wet or dry deposition of sulfur dioxide drastically increases the rate of corrosion on limestone, marbles, sandstones, and coppers. A common test to prove this would be dropping an egg into vinegar, a test many have conducted as proof to this fact. Eggshells are made from the same materials as limestone, calcium carbonate, and vinegar also has a great acidity level. Within an hour from dropping this egg into the vinegar, the shell will completely dissolve. In these two pictures you can see the effects of acids on different construction material. This massively demonstrates the fatalities of acidic rain levels being increased over time. In the picture to the right, the eggs in water and orange are practically new, where as the egg in coke seems to have a few obstructions. However, the egg that is in the vinegar, is shown to be completely dissolving with bubbles even popping out from around it. In the picture to the left it show’s the stature of liberty as how it once used to be (Artists depiction), and of how it is now. These drastic effects are fatal on the environment, natural or manmade. Solutions to solve this problem of acid rain? To reduce the acidity levels of rain, industries must cut down the amount of sulphur dioxide being produced when fossil fuels are burned and used. Viewing it like this, industries have a few options in which to choose from. They can produce and use coal that has little to no amounts of sulphur on it, research can be done to find a way in which to remove sulphur from coal. Other choices, but less conventional range from using a different kind of fuel, or researching a way in which when the coal is burned, the sulfur is destroyed before being emissed into the atmosphere. There seems to be many ways to combat this issue, but the most conventional seems to be halting the emissions of pollutants all in all. Reducing the amount of nitrogen oxide emissions caused by car exhaust is an effective solution. Public transport systems need to be improved so that people can travel without having to use their cars. If more people used public transport, it would cut the number of  private vehicles on the roads, and would reduce pollution dramatically. Everybody needs to work together to reduce pollutants to make the world a safer and healthier place to live. In conclusion, acid rain continues to develop into a greater and more massive problem as time progresses. However, if certain countermeasures are taken, which in hindsight, shouldn’t have to have been even contemplated if measures were taken in the past, can prevent acidity levels in rain to become a greater problem than it already is. In addition to limiting its growth, we can also work together, industries and the common denizens of society, to lowering its level as a whole.

Artificial Insemination Notes Essay

Artificial Insemination Artificial insemination achieved widespread popularity as an infertility treatment in the 1970s. Intracervical insemination (ICI), the original technique used for artificial insemination (AI), is fairly uncomplicated in nature. The most common AI technique used today, intrauterine insemination (IUI), offers certain advantages over ICI. Below you will find information on artificial insemination, including the benefits and cost of artificial insemination and an explanation of the different artificial insemination procedures performed. What is Artificial Insemination? Artificial insemination, or AI, is a fertilization procedure in which sperm is artificially placed into a woman’s cervix (intracervical insemination) or uterus (intrauterine insemination). During artificial insemination treatment, the woman’s menstrual cycle is closely monitored using ovarian kits, ultrasounds, and blood tests. The semen to be implanted is â€Å"washed† in a laboratory, which increases the chances of fertilization while removing unnecessary, potentially harmful chemicals. The semen is inserted into the woman, and if the procedure is successful, she conceives. DocShop can help you find a fertility specialist in your area today. Success rates for artificial insemination vary based on the type of fertility problem being treated and the age of the patient. Most women who choose artificial insemination have a 5 to 25 percent chance of becoming pregnant with each menstrual cycle. These chances increase if you take fertility drugs in conjunction with th e procedure. Artificial Insemination Procedures Artificial insemination procedures are advanced forms of fertility treatment that involve the use of a thin, flexible tube to precisely place donor sperm into a woman’s reproductive tract. Before the procedure, the sperm to be used is washed and concentrated to increase the likelihood of a conception. Below is a brief overview of the two main types of artificial insemination, intrauterine insemination (IUI) and intracervical insemination (ICI), both of which can be performed by a reproductive specialist at your local fertility clinic. Please use the links provided for a more comprehensive examination of artificial insemination procedures or to learn about in vitro fertilization (IVF). Intracervical Insemination (ICI) Intracervical insemination, or ICI, is one of the most commonly performed types of artificial insemination. ICI is a relatively quick and usually painless procedure that deposits donor sperm directly into the cervix, dramatically increasing the chances that the sperm will make its way through the uterus and fallopian tubes, where it can fertilize the egg. Typically less costly than intrauterine insemination (see below), the ICI procedure produces high success rates. To help you learn more about this method of artificial insemination, DocShop has provided additional information on intracervical insemination. Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) Intrauterine insemination, or IUI, is the most commonly performed method of artificial insemination by husband (AIH). Often simpler and less expensive than in vitro fertilization (IVF), intrauterine insemination is an effective treatment for some forms of infertility. When combined with ovarian stimulation, IUI – which places sperm in the fallopian tubes – produces high fertilization success rates. As a form of artificial insemination, IUI is good for couples with unidentifiable sources of infertility as well as for couples in which the man has some sperm deficiencies or the woman has cervical mucus problems. DocShop has provided additional information to help you learn more about intrauterine insemination. Artificial Insemination Using Donor Sperm Married women can choose to be inseminated with their husbands’ sperm (provided the sperm is viable) or with the sperm of a donor from a sperm bank, a process called artificial insemination by donor (AID). A married woman may use a sperm donation if artificial insemination by husband (AIH) is not an option due to male factor infertility; a single woman may elect AID in order to have a baby by herself. Artificial insemination using donor sperm may also be a solution to patients who cannot afford more advanced treatment such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) or for couples whose male partner could transfer genetic disorders to the embryo. Using a screened donor’s sperm eliminates this danger. Benefits of Artificial Insemination Artificial insemination is a revolutionary fertility procedure with numerous benefits. The AI technique creates an avenue to pregnancy for couples faced with male infertility or female infertility. Further, AI by donor allows sperm to be tested and screened prior to insemination, reducing the likelihood of passing a genetic disorder on to the child. Another benefit of artificial insemination is that it allows same-sex couples to conceive a child. A fertility specialist in your area will be able to provide you with additional information on the benefits of artificial insemination.

Eleven by Sandra Cisneros Essay

The message that the short story Eleven by Sandra Cisneros tells is that even though you get older you’re still all the same ages you were before. Rather you be five and have to sit on you’re moms lap because you’re scared or when you’re 10 and you might say something stupid. Sandra uses the element imagery quite a bit in her short story. â€Å"†¦When I put one arm through one sleeve of the sweater that smells like cottage cheese, and then the other arm through the other and stand there with my arms apart like if the sweater hurts me and it does, all itchy and full of germs that aren’t even mine.   This particular sentence really describes how awful the sweater must be, she says that one arm of the sleeve smells like cottage cheese and the other is itchy and full of germs that aren’t even hers. The mental image I got from that was a sweater that was a big, ugly, and smelly heap of a very itchy red sweater. Another element of voice Sandra uses is diction. â€Å"Only today I wish I didn’t have only eleven years rattling inside me like pennies in a tin Band-Aid box.   This example of diction was one that would stick out the rest of the story. Instead of saying I wish I were older than 11, Sandra uses diction to emphasize how much she would love to be older than 11. All in all Sandra does an incredible job throughout the book in using elements of voice to portray Rachel, not only did she uses imagery and diction but she used detail, syntax, and tone. She very nicely described how all people will revert back to past ages. Overall, she uses many elements of voice to depict the message of this story.

A Discussion of the Romantic Element in Austen’s Persuasion

A Discussion of the Romantic Element in Austen’s Persuasion [A] persuadable temper might sometimes be as much in favour of happiness as a very resolute character. (Persuasion, Ch. 12) Persuasion seems to draw on the deep divide in the two then contemporary forms of the novel one based on Augustan values, in which the rational precedes the irrational, and the second based on Romanticist taste, in which the inner world of imaginings precedes the outer world of evidence. While Austens earlier novels had consistently affirmed an Augustan taste, in Persuasion she seems to concede some validity to the Romantic view, and at least leaves the reader to ponder an ambivalent response to the question of whether Anne Elliot acted correctly in succumbing to Lady Russells persuasion, when her initial, instinctive desire for a relationship with Captain Wentworth remained ultimately unchanged. Broadly, the issue becomes whether Anne was correct in letting herself be led by seemingly well-intentioned caution, or whether she would have been better advised to take a risk and follow the dictates of her heart. And though Austen makes an attempt to chart out a middle course between these two options, this debate is nowhere more manifest than in the closing chapters, where Austen registers a final judgement on the question of romance versus prudence, leaving its readers somewhat puzzled. Anne says, as she had earlier in Chapter IV, that she was right in being guided by a quasi-maternal friend, even though the advice was wrong, and that in a similar situation she may never have given it (Chapter XXIII): But I mean, that I was right in submitting to her, and that if I had done otherwise, I should have suffered more in continuing the engagement than I did even in giving it up, because I should have suffered in my conscience. This, and the whole context of earnest assertion, come from a person of the finest moral sensitivity and integrity, yet it seems to be directly opposed to what had also been an earlier conviction, that while defending Lady Russell and herself, she should yet have been a hap pier woman in maintaining the engagement, than she had been in the sacrifice of it. The final capitulation to natural instinct is, however, an image of Anne that is distinctly different from the one presented at the start of the novel. (It will also prove significant later in her rejection of William Elliot.) Indeed, Anne had even been willing to reject Lady Russells advice two years after she had taken it: in Chapter XXIII, Wentworth asks whether when he returned to England in 1808 with a few thousand pounds, she would have renewed the estrangement then. He says of her response, Would I! was all her answer; but the accent was decisive enough. He regrets the hurt pride which had kept him from such a move, and takes the blame on himself. This benevolent gesture on Wentworths part, however, overlooks the fact that, ultimately, it is only when Anne takes recourse to the natural propensity of her heart to lead her to true love that she manages to salvage her relationship with him. The error in Lady Russells judgment of character (which in turn led her to counsel Anne imperfectly) is made explicit in Chapter XXIV, when the narrator says, There is a quickness of perception in some, a nicety in the discernment of character, a natural penetration, in short, which no experience in others can equal, and Lady Russell had been less gifted in this part of understanding than her young friend. It is this same quickness of perception that leads Anne to reject William Elliot, even before Mrs. Smith reveals the full truth about him: Mr. Elliot was rational, discreet, polished, but he was not open. There was never any burst of feeling, any warmth of indignation or delight, at the evil or good of others. This, to Anne, was a decided imperfection. She prized the frank, the open-hearted, the eager character beyond all others. Warmth and enthusiasm did captivate her still. She felt that she could so much more depend upon the sincerity of those who sometimes looked or said a careless or a hasty thing, than of those whose presence of mind never varied, whose tongue never slipped. Evidently, Anne comes to realize the value of listening to human impulse (She had been forced into prudence in her youth, she learned romance as she grew older the natural sequel of an unnatural beginning). It is this gradual realization that causes her to repeatedly recall feelings for Wentworth. This is the most obvious evidence of her ability to lend herself to the Romanticist exaltation of emotion over reason and of the senses over the intellect. Significantly, Annes most intense exertions are also to understand and live with her feelings, which are frequently held in check by ruling manners. Often, when Anne argues against what she is feeling, the particular reason turns out to be wrong. When Anne begins to reason with herself or when she hopes to be wise and reasonable in time, reason means not being in love with Wentworth. But this is arguably not a novel in which feelings are wrong and reasoning is right. Annes reasoning is a process of giving herself time. In a sense, throu gh these exertions, Anne aims to be able to feel. She desires to transform her senseless joy, not into sense, but into sensible joy. This gradual alteration in Annes character and in the treatment of her own feelings toward Wentworth implies a certain Romanticist bipolarity that each represented initially (and which, to an extent, Anne continues to maintain perhaps even flaccidly in the d? ©nouement: I have now, as far as such a sentiment is allowable in human nature, nothing to reproach myself with). While Anne relies to a great extent on the advice given to her persuadable temper and believes her adherence to it to be her duty, Wentworth is shown to be a man of a very resolute character with complete faith in himself and in his powers to realize his own destiny. Having made his money as promised in two years, but only after having been turned down by Anne for marriage, Wentworth begrudged the fact that Anne did not demonstrate the same degree of confidence in him, or the courage to defy her elders, know her own mind or trust her own will. She had shown a feebleness of character in doing so, which his own decid ed confident temper could not endure. When he returns to the neighbourhood and Anne has to listen to snatches of his conversation with Louisa on their walk to Winthrop, she hears him reiterate his faith in the self. Louisa states that she would rather be overturned by the man she loves than be driven in the carriage by anyone else, and Wentworth exclaims with enthusiasm, I honour you! Later, when Anne overhears their conversation within the hedge, she hears him use words from a conspicuously Romanticist lexicon as he praises resolution, decision, firmness, spirit, and powers of mind. As Marilyn Butler notes, Wentworths personal philosophy approaches revolutionary optimism and individualism and he is impatient of, or barely recognizes, those claims of a mentor which for him can be dismissed in the single word persuasion.' Inevitably, Wentworth compares his reckless faith that love overcomes all with Annes cautious retreat into security eight years previously. Lady Russell draws a general moral from Sir Walters embarrassing case of financial difficulties; his entrenchment will conform to what many families have done, or should do: There will be nothing singular in his case; and it is singularity which often makes the worst part of our suffering, as it always does of our conduct. This distaste for singularity and uniqueness of circumstances is very much in keeping with the Augustan taste, which would have prevailed during Lady Russells formative years. The Romantic taste of Austens period, on the other hand, sought out the singular, the abnormal, and the strange (The principle object was to chuse incidents and situations from common life, and to throw over them a certain colouring of imagination, whereby ordinary things should be presented to the mind in an unusual way. Wordsworth, Preface to Lyrical Ballads, 1800). Anne shares Lady Russells inclination to project a general case from a particular instance, such as in Chapter X, where she attempts a detached analysis of the burgeoning relationship between Wentworth and the Musgrove sisters. (Anne longed for the power of representing to them what they were all about, and of pointing out some of the evils that they were exposing themselves to.) It seems that after the trauma of her broken engagement, she has devoted herself to reach a rational understanding of the rules which might govern love affairs, and is set up as something of an authority on matters of the heart, despite her limited experience. But if Anne possesses some of Lady Russells Augustan sagacity, she is also a reader of Lord Byron, and at crucial moments in the novel (such as her cancellation of an appointment with Mrs. Smith) subordinates social obligations to the dictates of her passion for Wentworth. (This also keeps her from appearing like an idealised Richardsonian paragon.) If Austen poses an argument between rational decorum and a heightened examination of human personality, the novel culminates in a tone more in favour of Romanticism than Augustan ideals. During her walk in the countryside in Chapter X, in the discomforting presence of Wentworth, Annes pleasure must arise from the last smiles upon the years upon the tawny leaves and withered hedges. In Chapter XIII Anne likens herself to the surroundings once more when musing on the prospects of the Great House at Uppercross following Louisas full recovery: A few months hence, and the room now so deserted, occupied but by her silent, pensive self, might be filled again with all that was happy and gay, all that was glowing and bright in prosperous love, all that was most unlike Anne Elliot! It is rare to see any character in this novel in physical isolation, but here Anne assumes the familiar role of the solitary figure in Romantic literature a guise that is further accentuated by the use of the pathe tic fallacy. Ultimately, it isnt so much having a persuadable temper as it is adopting a very resolute character and in turn realizing that Lady Russell must learn to feel that she had been mistaken that helps Anne to break loose from an outworn, half-spurious social pattern. By leaving convention she achieves freedom and fulfillment (it is, after all, Lord Byron and Sir Walter Scott, not Samuel Johnson and Alexander Pope, who form the basis for Annes literary discussions with Captain Benwick) in a different world that she and Wentworth help to create.

Freedom of Women to choose the right of Abortion Term Paper

Freedom of Women to choose the right of Abortion - Term Paper Example The United States law had legalized the practice of legal abortion since the year 1973. â€Å"Abortion was legalized in 1973 when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Roe v. Wade that during the first trimester, a woman has the right to decide what happens to her body. This landmark decision rested on the "right to privacy" which was introduced in 1965. In addition, the Court ruled that the state could intervene in the second trimester and could ban abortions in the third trimester. However, a central issue, which the Court declined to address, is whether human life begins at conception, at birth, or at some point in between† (Kathy Gill). From the Bible, there are no such terminology referred to as abortion, but there are many verses related to the concept of giving birth and the growth of the fetus in the womb of the woman. God is the sole creator and we admit it. But still the choice of giving birth or not remain the sole decision of the mother even if it is a rebellion against the superior power. From an Islamic point of view, there is belief that killing a child might bring poverty to the family as well as a lack of trust in God and as a failure to raise up a child and providing him with education and all satisfying his basic needs. Again there is no term abortion mentioned in the Holy Quran. In the past, women who needed to have an abortion always had to think harder and ask herself several questions. Is it legal and moral? Will she be punished religiously or legally for such an act? Will the society condemn her for doing it? Are her causes for performing an abortion right and rationalized? In this era, the women are gaining much more rights and now even their ideas have evolved and the answers they give are very challenging. Under the statement of Roe V. Wade in 1973, any woman has the right to abort a fetus, taking control of

Pharmacology case studies Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pharmacology studies - Case Study Example It busulfan falls in the categories of immunosuppressive Agents, Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating agents and Myeloablative Agents. It works by interupting replication of DNA and transcription of RNA ultimately causing disruption in the nucleic acid functions. In the end it induces irreversible apoptosis and therefore disrupts the spread of cancerous cells. Busulfan is used therapeutically in synergy with cyclophosphamide to produce a conditioning course of therapy before progenitor cell transplant protocols in Chronic Myelogenous Leukaemia. The drug is also used widely in the used as part of the pre-transplant preparations for those patients requiring bone marrow transplants for advanced Myeloid LeuKaemia as well as other conditions that are non-malignant. This is therefore a very important chemotherapeutic agent in the management of Myeloid Leukaemia and other non-malignant cancers due its apoptosis causing effects on target cancerous cells. The drug is in three forms i.e. 2mg tablets; 25 mg capsules a liquid injection. Delivery of the drug is therefore possible through the oral and intravenous routes. When used in the treatment of Chronic Myeloid leukaemia, the drug should be given as follows; the patient should first be pre-medicated with anti-convulsion drugs followed by an initial busulfan dose of 60 mcg/kg/day or 1.8 mg/m ²; 4-8 mg PO qDay. Maintenance doses should be given subsequently at 1-4 mg/day to 2 mg/week PO. The patient is closely monitored and once the white blood cell count is 50,000/mcl the initial dosage should be resumed. When given in combination with cyclophosphamide, an intravenous dose of 0.8 mg/kg at intervals of 6 hours for four days until WBC count reaches 15,000/mm3. When preparing an intravenous injection dose the preferred diluents are NS or and D5W. It should be prepared with diluents volume being 10 times that of busulfan until the desirable concentration of >0.5 mg/ml is attained. The preparation is then prepared through

No topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 40

No topic - Essay Example The expertise of the knowledge is usually associated with the spokesperson’s being preferred to the product being advertised. In most cases, the products that need expertise are usually complicated and sometimes are associated with high financial risk. For instance, the product Dior is complicated; thus, it needs expert spokesperson that is also trustworthy (Sources and spokespersons 01). For instance, the Dior has used CÃ ©line Dion as the spokesperson. This celebrity is an expert with extensive public reputable image; thus, making her an expert for the advert. Additionally, she has been in many other ventures of the same type. Trustworthy persons behind ads usually influence the reception of the ads. In other words, ads with trustworthy celebrities as the spokespersons usually make consumers believe in such products unlike products or ads associated with untrustworthy celebrities as their spokespersons. It is notably, that the same spokesperson in Dior has never had any serious public scandals; thus, she remains trustworthy in her public life making her fit for the product regardless of the products complication (Sources and spokespersons 01). This characteristic is usually pegged on the attractiveness of the spokesperson on the ad. In the case of Dior ad, the image is quite attractive and it is bound to attract many since many consumers and none consumers will like the image thereby influencing their consumption decisions on the product (Sources and spokespersons

Aristotle's on Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Aristotle's on Democracy - Essay Example 2001). He regarded democracy to be the deteriorated counterpart to polity. In the Politics, he describes aristocracy as rule by the best. In application, this normally meant rule by the well-born, those of noble family who called themselves "the best people". Aristotle employs "polity" both in that manner, as the general term for a constitution of any kind, and as the name of one of this kind. The concept of polity (politeia, constitution) is that all citizens should have short turns at ruling. Because it is an inclusive type of government, everyone has a share of political power. On the other hand, oligarchy or the general term for rule by a few is the corrupt kind which aims to advance the interest of the wealthy few. Finally, democracy, which means literally rule by the people, was used by Aristotle to mean rule exclusively by the poor in their own interest. It is important to note that Aristotle distinguishes between democracy and politeia based on the fact that democracy seeks the interests of only the ruling faction, while politeia seeks the interests of all. According to Aristotle in Book VI of his Politics, the critical principle of democracy is freedom, one feature of which is having a share in ruling. He declares that justice is equality based on number rather than merit, and as a result the multitude has authority, meaning that the poor have more authority than the wealthy. A second feature of freedom is to be able to live as one wants. Thus, democratic people do not want to be ruled at all, although if it is necessary to have rulers then the next best choice is to rule and be ruled in turn (trans. 2001). To Aristotle and the Greeks during his time, democracy was defined as a government of, by and for the people. Originally, democracy was understood to mean rule by the common people. In this view, it was very much a class matter, even before the beginning of modern class society. It meant that power should be held by the biggest class,

Individual Review on poster presentation 1,500 words Essay

Individual Review on poster presentation 1,500 words - Essay Example Volkswagen has a long history in China and plays a vital role in the Chinese automotive industry. In 1985, the Company signed a deal with SAIC that was formed by the merger of several local car manufacturers of China. This was a strategic move in history for the Chinese auto industry as well as Volkswagen. The company, Volkswagen Automotive Company Ltd (SVW) first identified those market segments which can be easily served with the existing product portfolio. Hence, Audi 100 became the Government officials car and Jetta emerged as commonly used taxies. Such strategic monopoly of the company assisted it to acquire a secure market share in China. This was the first phase of market penetration for Volkswagen in China and soon the company started developing strategies to further penetrate the market and expand its market share (Ray, 2003). Volkswagen was the first western auto manufacturer that entered China. The company was smart enough to be used as taxi and government cars which helped it to gain economies of scales. This strategic move also had a marketing aspect. The cars running on the roads of Shanghai acted as company’s showroom and thus more and more people came to know about the brand portfolio of Volkswagen. With time, the taxi fleet in Shanghai underwent an up gradation and each time a new model from Volkswagen’s brand portfolio has replaced the old one. Eventually, the company entered joint venture with local companies to develop a stable and reliable supply chain in the market. However, with increasing market competition from the local as well as international players in the auto industry, market share of Volkswagen started declining in early 2000s and the company went into crisis (EBF, 2007, p.47). With its innovation and creative thinking, the company introduced changes in its products as well as business strategy and reoccupied its lost image and established itself as one of the most popular cars. With time the Chinese auto sector has