Social media as a distraction for African students Essay Example for Free

Internet based life as an interruption for African understudies Essay Internet based life as an interruption for African understudies online life has shaped a huge piece of our lives whether we grasp the idea or dispose of it. Online life is surrounding us; on all mainlands and in many nations. It tends to be compared to death, with respect to its inescapable nature. Web based life can be characterized as the relationship that exists between systems of individuals. (Walter Riviera, 2004). We as people can't envision a world without online life, not to discuss the web. The pay or the income of certain people really originate from web based life because of the ad. One can unquestionably say that internet based life has been of gigantic advantage to the overall population. It has assisted with decreasing correspondence boundaries, it has helped us relate better with our companions and family members, and it has made roads for business openings, however like each regular wonder, it has a flip side too. Internet based life has been is as yet a significant interruption for understudies in Africa and as youthful grown-ups or understudies, we are generally up to speed in this web on endless events. This paper will discuss how online life has been is as yet an interruption for understudies. Like expressed before via, web-based networking media has been praised for its advantages to the world. It has helped as far as socialization, in that, it causes us revamp our relationship with our tragically deceased companions, it encourages individuals to publicize their items which really transforms their business into an extremely rewarding one, it additionally makes roads for business openings, etc. We could sit and dedicate our chance to portraying how internet based life has been a gift to this age yet as the maxim goes each yin has its yang. Web-based social networking like each characteristic thing has its cons also. It has become a significant interruption for understudies in pretty much every nation in Africa. As per a report by good judgment media, 75% of African adolescents by and by have profiles on person to person communication locales, of which 68% of them use Facebook as their principle long range informal communication apparatus. As indicated by Sephora, an advanc ed advertising site, contemplates have demonstrated that half of 18-24-year-olds go on Facebook when they wake up (Noyes, 2002). Most understudies in this cutting edge time, can't go a day without visiting online life sites, not to try and discussion about their telephones. One significant impact of online networking on understudies is that there is no security in their lives. The figure beneath shows the sort of data individuals put via web-based networking media. Understudies of today discover nothing incorrectly in sharing their own data on Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn and Facebook in light of the fact that they see it to be the â€Å"new thing† inclining or they attempt to adhere to the state of affairs. A few understudies intentionally deliberately ignore the outcomes or the impacts of putting such data out there, imagining that there are no hurtful individuals on the planet or believing that it’s business as usual. All these data put out there can really carry mischief to the understudies in light of the fact that there are individuals out there who have terrible aims or who have the mentality of getting the data of individuals and coercing them. As indicated by day by day realistic, a multi year old young lady who consistently used to put her photographs or what is happening in her life via web-based networking media was one time coerced by one criminal since she put an express image of herself there deduction nobody would see and was solicited to pay a payoff from GHS100, 000 for the image not to be spilled. She at that point needed to claim for subsidizes just to have the option to make up for herself. It at times would not be this simple to come out of coercing, so it’s better to keep away from every one of these issues, as the idiom goes â€Å"prevention is without a doubt better than cure†. In a similar vein, online networking is viewed as the reason for the low evaluations a few understudies get during the tests they take or the assignments they get from school. Most understudies when in class don't focus but instead utilize their telephones with the reason of â€Å"checking what new melody Justin Bieber has released† or â€Å"what dress Serena Williams wore to her ongoing wedding†. Despite the fact that it’s great to be modern on the things occurring around us, there is the ideal opportunity for everything. Time magazine US release, an article called Wired for interruption, directed an exploration and understood that understudies who are genuinely associated with online life have what we call â€Å"continuous incomplete attention†, which was said by Linda Stone, a Microsoft official. This implies, their thoughtfulness regarding center around a certain something or individual at a time is almost inconceivable. Most understudies think that it s exceptionally hard to focus in class since they are diverted by the least thing or clamor they hear. The steady interruption of online life will in general influence how the understudies learn and assimilate data. Understudies who attempt to perform multiple tasks by utilizing their telephones to text and surf informal organizations while tuning in to the speaker show end up not thinking carefully to its maximum capacity or limit. As indicated by the University of California, Los Angeles, there are two sorts of learning sections in the cerebrum. The â€Å"focused learner† is one that focuses and isn't diverted by their telephones, companions or their workstations. These individuals utilize the â€Å"hippocampus† district of the cerebrum, the piece of the mind utilized in long haul memory. What's more, we have the multitaskers; these individuals attempt to perform at least one undertakings simultaneously. They utilize the piece of the mind called the striatum; this pa rt, then again, is ordinarily for the individuals who attempt and study examples or propensities. Understudies of today are handily occupied and should figure out how to give full consideration in class so as to transform their fantasies into the real world. Web based life takes a great deal of time from understudies. Understudies typically have the aim of checking Facebook or Instagram for a particular measure of time. They plan on going through 5 minutes via web-based networking media however before they can say jack, they go through more than 3 hours on it. In 2010, the Kaiser family establishment came out with a report that kids between the ages of eight (8) to eighteen (18) use more than at least 7 hours via web-based networking media locales. One exploration study done by Phil Smith was that once 60 minutes, 9 out of 10 understudies are diverted by Facebook or Twitter. (Smith, 2011). References Noyes, D. (n.d.). Computerized Marketing Consultants top 20 important facebook insights 2017.https://zephoria.com/top-15-significant facebook-measurements/Sterling, G. (2014, July 22). Seat: 94% Of Teenagers Use Facebook, Have 425 Facebook Friends, But Twitter Instagram Adoption Way Up. https://marketingland.com/seat the-normal youngster has-425-4-facebook-companions 44847 Conley, D. (2011, 19 May). Wired for Distraction: Kids and Social Media. Time Magazine U.S. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article

Chicago Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Chicago - Essay Example From this investigation unmistakably the hypothesis of the focal spots has been scrutinized for falsity. Static hypothesis, not considering the worldly perspective in the improvement of the focal spots was additionally condemned. Besides, the hypothesis is very much outlined by and by, with regards to horticultural regions, however not for modern or post-mechanical regions because of the assorted idea of the different administrations and the circulation of an assortment of common assets in them. Numerical investigations of the transformative model, which depend on the thoughts of Christaller demonstrated that even conveyance is shaky. Little variances are sufficient so as to zones with a high convergence of action show up and cause an outpouring of populace and decrease of movement in different zones.This paper features thatâ the hypothesis of creation area (the hypothesis of area) contemplates putting of beneficial powers as the portion procedure on the domain of items and marvels; it is remembered for the subject of the territorial economy. The area hypothesis portrays the geological position of the monetary action; it has become a basic piece of financial topography, provincial financial matters and spatial economy. The hypothesis analyzes which monetary action is situated there, where and why. The hypothesis depends in general convenience on microeconomics, on the presumption that operators demonstration to their greatest advantage.

The MIT Application is now available!

The MIT Application is now available! You can now log onto MyMIT to access the application for freshman admission to MIT. Your MyMIT page includes interview information, personalized MIT recommendation forms and cover sheets, and the ability to track the different parts of your application. On your MyMIT site, you will find the contact information for your MIT interviewer, or Educational Counselor (EC), within a couple days of registering. You should contact your EC as soon as your are ready to schedule the interview, but well before the application deadline. Remember, if you are applying for the November 1 Early Action (EA) deadline, you should set up your interview before October 20th. If you are applying for the January 1 Regular Action (RA) deadline, you should set up your interview before December 10th. From MyMIT, you should print out personalized teacher recommendation forms. Teachers may use their own forms and format, but please include the personalized teacher recommendation form with each recommendation letter. You will submit your part of the application online via MyMIT. However, if there are additional materials that you need to mail to us, note that we will read your application online; printed materials that are mailed to us will be scanned. I recommend that you consider things like staples and binding, and ability to be viewed in a 2-D environment, before mailing us any additional materials. If you need to mail us any additional materials, please include the personalized cover sheet at MyMIT with those materials. If you send us additional materials more than once, please be sure to include the personalized cover sheet each time. You should be sure to frequently check the email account that you list on your application. If we have any questions or announcements, this will likely be the place for such communications. Please note that MIT is not a member of the Common Application. MIT has its own application, which is only available at MyMIT. Also note: if you have in previous years applied to MIT or started an application to MIT, you will not be able to create your new MyMIT account and begin your application until September. Please be patient besides, you already know how the app works. I think thats it, for now, anyway. As the admissions season progresses, well have lots of application updates and tips here on the blogs. It should be an exciting year ahead. I look forward to reading your application!

Case Study A Day At The End Of Chapter 1 Essay - 1391 Words

DPM 101 Assignment 1- Case study analysis - 40% of final mark 1. Read the case, A Day in the Life, at the end of Chapter 1 of your recommended textbook. 2. Provide your view, with reference to what you’ve read about project management so far, on the following: †¢ How effective do you think Rachel is as a project manager given the evidence of the case study? Give reasons for your answer. †¢ How does Rachel’s day fit with your understanding of what project management is all about? Give reasons for your answer. †¢ What would you do differently? Give reasons for your answer. Project managers always have been challenged to produce results, but the modern day project manager must produce them in a timely manner without compromising technological and social changes. The project manager needs to anticipate change and set aggressive, forward-thinking objectives in order to make changes occur to be controlled in their environment. After reading the case study it appears that Rachel is a proactive professional with some experience and is head strong about her project. After the first read it would seem that Rachel is more involved in socialising and time wasting. I read the article 3 times to understand what is required of Rachel in her position. One has to understand how her day unfolds and there are things that she did which are not time specific in the article. The following findings were made about Rachel’s day activities after reading â€Å"A Day In The Life†; TIME TIME SPENDShow MoreRelatedSales1712 Words   |  7 Pagesis not simply concerned with sales and profit maximization. In fact depending upon the type or stage of demand the marketing task would differ. The study is based on sales and distribution techniques with a special ref. of L.G. electronic product. 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How to Identify Language Deficits, Delays and Disorders

Language deficits are problems with age-appropriate reading, spelling, and writing. The language disorder that comes most readily to mind is dyslexia, which is a difficulty in learning to read. But many students who have problems with reading have spoken language problems as well, and for that reason, language deficits or language disorders are the more inclusive ways to speak about these issues. Where Language Disorders Come From Language disorders are rooted in the brains development and are often present at birth. Many language disorders are hereditary. Language deficits do not reflect intelligence. In fact, many students with language deficits are of average or above-average intelligence. How Teachers Spot a Language Deficit For teachers, spotting language deficits in students is the first step in addressing issues that can impact the way these children function in the classroom and at home. Without proper intervention, these children will often be at a significant disadvantage. Use this list of common symptoms to help identify children who may be subject to language delays. Then, follow up with parents and professionals such as a speech-language pathologist. The student has difficulty expressing ideas clearly. Her answers can be vague and difficult to understand. He may have trouble remembering a word in conversations, and use placeholders like um or uh in excess.Learning new vocabulary from reading or from lecturing is difficult.  Understanding questions and following spoken or written directions is a challenge.Child has trouble recalling numbers in sequence, such as telephone numbers.Comprehension of written or spoken stories or lessons is weak, and little is retained.  The students reading comprehension is poor.  Child has difficulty remembering the words to songs and rhymes.Directionality: Can the child easily tell left from right?Difficulty learning letters and numbers, and the sounds that correspond to letters.The student often mixes up the order of letters in words while writing.Child has difficulty distinguishing between foreground and background noise. How Language Disorders are Diagnosed If a teacher suspects that a student is exhibiting language deficits, its important to support that child early, as the gaps in learning will only increase over time. The teacher and parents or caregivers should meet with a speech-language pathologist, who can evaluate spoken and written language ability.   Common Language-Based Disorders Dyslexia, or difficulty learning to read, is only one of the more common language-based disorders that teachers may encounter. Others include: Auditory Processing Disorder: Children may not be able to distinguish different sounds, and may have difficulty filtering out background noises.Dysgraphia: Affects writing and fine motor coordination.Language Processing Disorder: Students have difficulty attaching meaning to the sounds of language. Distinguished from ADP as it only pertains to the sounds of words and sentences.Non-Verbal Learning Disabilities: These are characterized by strong discrepancies between verbal skills and motor, spatial, or social skills, as may be seen in autistic children previously known as Aspergers.

Analysis of “the Chrysanthemums” Free Essays

In the world created by John Steinback, in the story of â€Å"The Chrysanthemums†, being an intelligent girl whose accepted into the society is a hard task. Elisa is caught up in all the household work while not being able to enjoy any of the outside world. She’s shown to have the life and struggles of a typical house wife, who is passive and not strong enough, lacking the attributes it takes to step out of her comfort zone and take responsibility and action to make herself content. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of â€Å"the Chrysanthemums† or any similar topic only for you Order Now The setting sets the mood of the story, as the fog represents her being unable to clearly see the realities of life. The author does a great job of keeping the narration somewhat discreet, which keeps the reader thinking, and let’s us figure out the motivations of the characters ourselves. When Elisa and Henry are first introduced, their relationship seems friendly but lacking love and passion. The way they compare their work, her garden and his business, and how they go about their daily routines makes them seem like friends or business partners, but not much more. This reminds me of â€Å"The Painted Door† by Sinclair Ross, in which Ann and John live in a passionless isolation on their farm. I noticed the use of literary devices such as similes to enhance the story; for example, â€Å"like a fawning dog. † I also noticed that Elisa’s bulky and restrictive clothing was a metaphor for her true desires and personality being suppressed, as a woman. The theme of gender inequality is present, and can specifically be seen in the conversation Elisa has with the man from the wagon, in which he says the life he lives is not for a woman. I also noticed the author employed symbolism to enhance this message through the chrysanthemums. The chrysanthemums could be seen as a symbol for women, in that they are pleasant to look at, yet when they are offered up for a purpose, they are often rejected, as the chrysanthemums were. More specifically, the flowers symbolize Elisa, in that they are strong and beautiful, but also face rejection as she does. I think the author’s purpose of writing this story is to say that the unfair treatment of women is a prevalent and existing issue that needs to be addressed. In evaluation, the story was quite effective, as it got to the point clearly, concisely, and quickly, while portraying a strong and meaningful message. How to cite Analysis of â€Å"the Chrysanthemums†, Papers

Patients Bill of Rights Essay Example For Students

Patient?s Bill of Rights Essay The basic rights of human beings, such as concern for personal dignity, are always of great importance. During illness, however, these rights are extremely vital and must be protected. Therefore, healthcare providers should make an effort to assure that these rights are preserved for their patients. Likewise, health care providers have the right to expect reasonable and responsible behavior on the part of our patients, their relatives, and friends. This is where the patients bill of rights comes into play. The Patients Bill of Rights was first adopted by the American Hospital Association (AHA) in 1973 and revised in October 1992. Patient rights were developed with the expectation that it would contribute to more effective patient care. It aids the patients and their families to understand their rights and responsibilities (Edge et al, 1998). In theory, once one understood the right, one should be able to reason out the correlative obligations. Below are two obligations to each of the items found in the patients bill of rights. Respect and Dignity. 1. Respect the dignity of the patient by being considerate and caring 2. Do not discriminate based on sex, race or religion, etc. Identity 1. Hospital staff should wear name badges to identify themselves. 2. Staff members should introduce themselves to you and describe their roles before care is given. Participation in Treatment Decisions 1. Provide the patients with their treatment option 2. Allow the patient to participate in the treatment options available Advanced Directive 1. Advice patients of their rights to make informed medical choices, ask if the patient has an advance directive. 2. Honor the wishes of the patient as stated in his/her directive as permitted by law and hospital policy. Privacy 1. Do not disclose information about the patients case to others without first obtaining written consent. 2. Avoid discussions about patients in public areas such as hallways andelevators Confidentiality 1. Protect the confidentiality of the patients information and records by storing them in a safe and secure place 2. Avoid discussing personal information with others without the signed consent of the patient. Review of Records 1. On request, allow the patient access to their medical record. 2. Identify the person making the request to ensure that the information is not mistakenly disclosed to another individual. Request and Transfers 1. Provide prompt response to any request providing the request is appropriate. 2. Transfer patient to another facility upon request providing receiving facility accepts patient. 9. Institution Affiliations 1. Inform patient of other health care and educational institutions that the hospital has authorized to participate in the patients treatment. 2. Upon request, provide information on business hospital does business with if it pertains to patient care (medical supplies etc) Consent 1. Provide easily understood information necessary to give informed consent prior to the start of any procedure or treatment. 2. Inform patient of any experimental or other research/educational projects that may be used in his or her treatment. If patient refuses care, inform them of the consequences. 11. Continuity of Care 1. Provide patient with appointment times to see physician after release from medical facilities (hospitals, clinics) 2. Provide treatment plan for patient to follow after discharge. Information 1. Provide accurate and easily understood information about your health plan, health care professionals, and health care facilities. 2. Provide an explanation of patients bill for services rendered. Which of the included patients rights are currently provided in the sanction of law? To the best of my knowledge, the AHA Patients Bill of Rights are not sanctioned in law, they are ethical standards, but not law. The AHA says this: Health care institutions, by virtue of their roles as health care providers, employers, and community health resources, have special responsibilities for ethical conduct and ethical practices that go beyond meeting minimum legal and regulatory standards. Their broad range of patient care, education, public health, social service, and business functions is essential to the health and well being of their communities. These roles and functions demand that health care organizations conduct themselves in an ethical manner that emphasizes a basic community service orientation and justifies the public trust. .u0664f0d388937a26d78df6e6ea683d88 , .u0664f0d388937a26d78df6e6ea683d88 .postImageUrl , .u0664f0d388937a26d78df6e6ea683d88 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0664f0d388937a26d78df6e6ea683d88 , .u0664f0d388937a26d78df6e6ea683d88:hover , .u0664f0d388937a26d78df6e6ea683d88:visited , .u0664f0d388937a26d78df6e6ea683d88:active { border:0!important; } .u0664f0d388937a26d78df6e6ea683d88 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0664f0d388937a26d78df6e6ea683d88 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0664f0d388937a26d78df6e6ea683d88:active , .u0664f0d388937a26d78df6e6ea683d88:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0664f0d388937a26d78df6e6ea683d88 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0664f0d388937a26d78df6e6ea683d88 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0664f0d388937a26d78df6e6ea683d88 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0664f0d388937a26d78df6e6ea683d88 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0664f0d388937a26d78df6e6ea683d88:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0664f0d388937a26d78df6e6ea683d88 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0664f0d388937a26d78df6e6ea683d88 .u0664f0d388937a26d78df6e6ea683d88-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0664f0d388937a26d78df6e6ea683d88:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Career Goals Essay The health care institutions mission and values should be embodied in all its programs, services, and activities (Ethical Conduct for Health Care Institutions, 1992). So although the patient can sue for malpractice, it will be based on laws related to the ethical principles, but not the Ethical .

Portfolios And Standardized Tests - Pros And Cons Essays

Portfolios And Standardized Tests - Pros And Cons Portfolios and standardized tests are two types of ways teachers can assess their students. There are many advantages and disadvantages to both assessments. Right now, whether teachers agree with standardized tests or not, all teachers have to give them to their students. Portfolios on the other hand, are not required in a classroom, because it is not a required assessment for all teachers to use. Portfolios are folders that hold students works in any or all subjects that teachers choose to use them for. They hold all different types of work a student creates. It has A work to work that needs more improvement on inside the folders. The students choose what goes in their portfolio, not the teacher. Standardized tests are tests administered to each student at the same time. They have a time limit to them and their test scores are based on the norm. Much of school-based assessment does actually prevent students from becoming thoughtful respondents to, and to be able to judge their own work. Portfolios help students learn to assess their own progress as learners, and teachers gain new views of their accomplishments in teaching. They also give students responsibility for taking the lead in evaluating their own work, enlarging the view of what is learned, a place for process and a developmental point of view. Some important things that matter when dealing with portfolios is a student's performance on the kind of skills that appear on tests, that first-draft work is good enough and achievement matters to the exclusion of development. There are centrally two aims that teachers have for student portfolios. The first is to design ways of evaluating student learning that, will be essentially providing information to teachers and school systems, it will also model personal responsibility in questioning and reflecting on one's own work. The second is to find ways of capturing growth over time so that students can become informed and thoughtful assessors of their own histories as learners. What teachers have students do is at the end of the school year, is let the student go back inside their portfolio and reflect on their own work. The students return to their portfolios or collections of work, and see what has changed from the beginning of the school year or what still remains to be done or worked on. This gives students a responsibility, because they are responsible for evaluating their own work. Authentic or performance assessments do provide opportunities for students and teachers to learn, often together, about the standards of good work with respect to more valued outcomes. Each student is often incorporated in as an active agent in the evaluative process, not as an object to be evaluated. The portfolio activity is a process of production, perception, selection, and reflection that is exercised by each student over his or her collections of school work. Portfolios even provide a school district with a level of achievement. Portfolios are profoundly important to children. All children have a natural ability and desire to tell a story through the contents of the portfolio. Student portfolios tell a story. The real contents of a portfolio are the child's thoughts and his or her reasons for selecting a particular entry. That selection process reflects the interests and the metacognitive maturity of a child and the inspiration and influence offered by the teachers. Portfolios serve as a metaphor for our continued belief in the idea that children can play a major role in the assessment scene of their own learning. Using an authentic assessment tool could provide a more realistic picture of each student's individual subject achievement and progress by demonstrating growth and development over a period of time, involving students in assessing their own growth and reflecting many aspects of students area of knowledge and understanding. Portfolios provide teachers with information about students' progress, thought processes, achievements and needs. They should accommodate teachers' and students' individual needs, while allowing students to take an active role in assessing their work and encouraging them to take responsibility for their own learning. Students should begin to set goals for themselves and check their progress toward reaching these goals. This will help promote self-esteem. Students and teachers

Did You Know You Can Delete ACT Scores How to Do It

Did You Know You Can Delete ACT Scores How to Do It SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Did you know it’s possible to totally delete a set of ACT scores you don’t like? Poof - just like that. A bad set of ACT scores can vanish. This isn't a well known fact, and in fact we were surprised to discover it ourselves. But it has big implications for how you test, especially if you're afraid of taking the test too many times because it'll look bad to colleges. We will explain how to delete ACT scores and discuss in which circumstances it might make sense. Read on for an exclusive guide to getting rid of bad ACT scores. What Does Deleting an ACT Test Score Do? Deleting a test record means you are completely erasing the scores from a particular test date. This includes both the overall composite score and the individual section scores. (For more on ACT scoring, see our post.) If you do this, those scores will be permanently deleted and you will never see them again. You also won’t get a refund for that test date. This is different from canceling scores – canceling stops the ACT from grading a particular test (students usually do this if they get sick or really struggle on test day). This means the scores never even exist because the test was never graded. For scores to be deleted, the test obviously has to be graded and scored first. We'll talk about some reasons students might delete an ACT test record below. Why Would You Delete an ACT Test Record? Basically, if you have an ACT score you’re unhappy with and don’t want colleges to see, you can delete it. Again, keep in mind you’re forfeiting the money you spent to get that score if you do this. This gets you around the requirement some colleges have to send all of your existing standardized test scores. For example, both Stanford and Yale require applicants to send all scores they have from the ACT or SAT. â€Å"Official scores from all test dates must be sent to Stanford directly from the ACT or the College Board (the reporting agency for the SAT) or both if the applicant has taken the ACT and the SAT. Applicants may not use the College Board's Score Choice feature or "hide" any scores with either testing agency," says Stanford on their admissions site. â€Å"You must report the scores of all of the SATs and any SAT Subject Tests you have taken, or all of the ACTs and ACT Writing Tests that you’ve taken," says Yale. However, if you delete an ACT score, it will no longer exist – making it impossible to send. I spoke with someone at the ACT who confirmed that colleges will not see scores you have deleted. Is this a bit of a sneaky workaround? Maybe. But if the ACT gives you the option to delete your test scores, there is nothing wrong with your using that service. By accepting the ACT as a standardized test, colleges have to also accept the ACT’s score policies, including score deletion. ACT Test Scores You Can't Delete Even though deleting ACT scores is possible in some cases, keep the following exceptions in mind. First, you can’t delete every possibleACT score you have. Specifically, you can’t delete scores associated with state or district tests. This is because those scores aren’t just for you, they’re used to evaluate your school and district. Furthermore, if you take the ACT as part of district testing, you didn’t pay for it. The ACT says students have the right to delete their scores because â€Å"students own their test scores.† In short, deleting only applies to testing that you paid for. A map showing the states that use the ACT as part of their testing. Image via ACT State Services. Second, deleting a test record won’t do anything about scores that have already been sent to colleges. So if you had your scores sent to colleges right after you took the ACT, you can't get those reports back. In fact, we recommend that you not send those four free score reports that come with your ACT registration because they’re sent before you know your score, which is pretty risky. Should You Delete Your ACT Scores? Don’t delete a test record before you’re sure of a few things. You don't want to act too quickly and completely lose a test record forever before you're positive you want it deleted. First, Where Are You Applying? Some schools, for example MIT, don’t require applicants to send all of their scores. â€Å"Students are free to use the College Board's Score Choice option and the ACT's option to submit the scores of your choice as well," they say on their admissions site. Harvard has the same policy: â€Å"You are free to use the College Board Score Choice option or the similar option offered by the ACT.† If you are only applying to schools that allow you to use score choice – or in other words to only send your best scores – you don’t have to worry about deleting bad ACT scores. To see if a school allows score choice, search for the â€Å"Standardized Testing† page on their application website. Schools will specify there if they want all of your scores or if they’ll let you use score choice. If the info isn't on the standardized testing page, check the Frequently Asked Questions. Also stay tuned for our post about which schools require all scores. Second, How Low is Low? In case you are applying to schools that require you to submit all scores, or even if you have a score you don’t think you would send if you had the choice, you should decide if that score is really too low to keep. See our guide to good, bad, and excellent ACT scores to see if the score you’re worried about is in range for your target schools. Don’t delete a score unless you’re positive it’s bad. This is especially true if your composite was lower than you wanted, but you had some high section scores. It’s possible that on a retake you could get a higher composite but have certain section scores go down, and you might want colleges to see those high section scores. For example, say your first ACT composite was a 26 but you had a 34 on the Math section. If you retake the ACT and get to a 32 composite but your math score is 30 the second time around, you would lose that high math score. Think carefully before deleting a set of ACT scores with any high section scores. Third, Don't Delete Your Score Too Quickly Do not delete your ACT score until you already have achieved a higher score on a retake. If you delete your score before you retake the ACT, what happens if you get an even lower score on the retake? Then you have lost your higher score and can’t get it back. The best case then would be to retake the ACT a third time, costing you more time and money. There is no rush on deleting your scores, so focus on retaking the ACT and getting a higher score before you worry about deleting a low score. Patience isn't only a virtue... it can save you time and money. Fourth, When Did You Take the ACT? If you took the ACT for a talent competition or other program in middle school or earlier, you don't have to delete those scores, even if they’re super low. Colleges are only concerned with standardized testing you took while in high school. If anything, participation in early talent programs will look good on college applications, so you have no need to delete a score from an ACT back in middle school. So How Do You Actually Delete an ACT Record? To delete a test record, you simply have to submit a written request to ACT. Provide your name and home address and state you wish to delete a test record. Mail the request to: ACT Institutional Services P.O. Box 168 Iowa City, IA 52243-0168 USA ACT will then mail you a form to complete and return. After you submit the form, the test record will then be permanently deleted from ACT’s records. There is no additional cost for this – however, you are forfeiting whatever you paid to take the ACT on that test date. What’s Next? Have an ACT score you’re not proud of? We have resources to help you prepare to knock your retake out of the park. Start by reading a guide to a perfect ACT score by our 36 full-scorer. Even if you're not going for a perfect score, these study principles can help you make the improvements you need to get a higher ACT score. Get strategies for reading ACT science passages, concepts you need to master ACT English, and learn how to stop running out of time on ACT Math. We recommend taking at least one full-length, strictly-timed ACT practice test to get used to the test format and build your stamina. Get links to free, official tests here. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes your prep program to your strengths and weaknesses. We also have expert instructors who can grade every one of your practice ACT essays, giving feedback on how to improve your score. Check out our 5-day free trial:

The implications of downsizing (rightsizing) to the employees, Research Paper

The implications of downsizing (rightsizing) to the employees, communities, and families of the employees - Research Paper Example Downsizing can have many implications on employees, their families as well as the communities in which rightsizing organizations operate. The impacts on employees may include loss of morale, financial loss and emotional and psychological stress among other effects. Similarly, their families are bound to suffer a reduction in standards of living and may also be subjected to psychological torture in the period that their bread winners remain jobless. Downsizing can also negatively impact on societies in which they operate. Through massive layoffs, the living standards in the societies decline and robbery may take lead in communities which are deficient of job opportunities. Irrespective of the motives, corporate downsizing may yield considerable consequences on the superficial corporate social responsibility of any organization. This paper explores the implications of downsizing on employees, their families and communities. How Downsizing (Rightsizing) Affect Employees Downsizing is a practice that has become synonymous with contemporary organizations. The experience of working in an environment with high likelihood of redundancy and seeing co-employees leave an organization has become part and parcel of workers. Downsizing in organizations makes employees to feel anxious. It affects the morale and also threatens the welfare of employees in numerous ways. In most occasions, employees may perceive the organization as unfair and behaving in unwarranted manner. Besides affecting the morale of employees, downsizing also thwarts trust, employee commitment, loyalty and performance. According to Redman and Wilkinson (2001), downsizing causes â€Å"downsizing syndrome† on survivors. It also imposes psychological impacts on leaving employees. i. Downsizing Implications On The Morale Of Employees Employee morale is a crucial determinant of organizational performance. In the event of downsizing, both surviving employees and downsizing victims tend to exhibit low work morale. Downsizing creates adverse emotions among remaining workers who feel withdrawn from executing their organizational duties. Moreover, surviving employees usually feel irritated, grief, betrayal and are psychologically estranged from their organization. Despite the fact that employees usually struggle to perform better in order to retain their jobs after downsizing, their attempt is usually compelled and not out of free will. Surviving employees are always ready to try new approaches to task execution. With few employees increasing, work burden increases and so does the stress level for employees. Consequently, a downsizing organization may fail to realize it anticipated better performance because of deteriorating morale of employees. In some cases, downsizing might even lead to protest and rampant absenteeism among employees, who feel uncertain as to what might become of them in the near future. The loss of longtime workmates and close friends adversely affect both leaving a nd surviving employees. The idea of separation flattens the morale of remaining employees, which in turn lowers the performance level. It is quite obvious that employees are bound to loss morale in the event of downsizing. Therefore, organizations should be ethical enough to mitigate the impact of downsizing on employees by ensuring adequate

Verizon Is Creating a Culture that Focuses on Shareholder Value Case Study

Verizon Is Creating a Culture that Focuses on Shareholder Value - Case Study Example The number of subject matter experts significantly increased by involving L & D organizations in each business unit. As the workforce is skilled through effective training, they can collaborate and communicate for attaining common business goals. There is consensus and commonality of goals and values in each strategic business units attained through training initiatives. Besides, Verizon leadership development program recruits best talents from colleges, and are given 24 month customized leadership curriculum which can result in high performance and operational effectiveness. 2. According to Kreitner, organizational culture includes three layers like observable artifacts, espoused values, and basic assumptions; and, culture change is possible only if the management targets on any one of these basic aspects (p. na). In Verizon, the CEO Lowell Mc Adam desired to move towards adhocracy and market culture. Adhocracy culture in Verizon could be identified from dynamic, entrepreneurial and creative work place which is adaptable to new technologies. For example, prior to the rolling out of new technology 4G LTE network, a training of 60000 plus hours was given to Sales and service reps (Case Study, 258). For measuring the effectiveness of training, a pre training snapshot of success is defined with the help of key stakeholders and business partners, and this pre-training snapshot is compared with post training snapshot. Through the adhocracy culture, when new innovations are introduced, workforce becomes adaptable and creative to new changes. The move towards market culture could be identified from the result oriented work place in Verizon and focus in increasing share value. One of the prime goals of Verizon is to lead in shareholder value, and this is implemented through Leading Shareholder Value education program (LSV) which is led by CEO and CFO of Verizon. In this program, senior leaders are placed in cross business units and teams, and they should

Reversible Photochromism: Effects and Applications

Reversible Photochromism: Effects and Applications 1. Introduction In this report I will be looking at the smart material property known as Reversible Photochromism. This property contains a range of chemicals that react to UV light. This report will explore a range of the effects of the compound, which will include a review of the applications of this property and the process that make them possible, by exploring the, Ring Process, method. This report will also include looking at general applications where Reversible Photochromism technology is being used and any future concepts, such as, smart materials/technology involving textiles, dyes and inks. Including existing products, such as, transition lenses, and how that technology can be used for greater achievements. 2. What is Photochromism? Photochromism is the reversible alteration of a chemical variety between two forms by the absorption of electromagnetic radiation, where the two forms have different absorption spectrum. This can be described as a reversible change of colour upon exposure to light. Where the current substance transforms into a different colour once exposed to UV light. Once the UV light is removed, the substance under goes a transformation into its original state. Interest in Photochromism was constant but limited until the 1940-1960 periods, which saw an increase of studies, particularly in the research groups of Hirshberg and Fischer in Israel. In 1950, Hirshberg suggested the term photochromism [from the Greek words: phos (light) and chroma (colour)] to describe the phenomenon. This is the name used today. The mechanism for Photochromism in plastic crystalline materials is shown below. (Closed Form) (Open Form) Photochromic colours/dyes are plastisol-based inks, which are off-white when not exposed to UV radiation. It gains colour when exposed to Sun light / UV light. The colour change is reversible, i.e., the colour will fade again and appear colour less or clear upon removal from UV light / sun light exposure. These inks are available in various colours; ranging from dark tones to bright pink. 3. How  are Photochromic Lenses Made? There is a vast range of different states Photochromism can be manipulated into. All of these states have extra compounds and particles. The most common Photochromic state is glass lenses. Photochromic lenses are lenses that darken on exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Once the UV is removed, for example by walking indoors, the lenses will slowly return to their clear state. Photochromic lenses may be made of glass, polycarbonate, or another plastic. The glass version of this type of lenses was first developed by Corning in the 1960s. More recently, plastic versions of these lenses have been commercialised. The first of these was the Photolite lens sold in the early 1980s. But the first commercially successful plastic Photochromic lens was introduced by Transitions Optical in 1991. The glass version of these lenses achieve their Photochromic properties through the embedding of microcrystalline silver halides (usually silver chloride), or molecules in a glass substrate. Plastic Photochromic lenses rely on organic Photochromic molecules to achieve the reversible darkening effect. The reason these lenses darken in sunlight but not indoors under artificial light, is that room light does not contain the UV found in sunlight. Transport windows also block UV so these lenses would darken less in a car. Lenses that darken in response to visible (rather than UV) light would avoid these issues, but they are not feasible for most applications. In order to respond to light, it is necessary to absorb it, thus the glass could not be made to be clear in its low-light state. This correctly implies Photochromic lenses are not entirely transparent; specifically they filter out UV light. This does not represent a problem, because the human eye does not see in the UV spectrum. With the Photochromic material dispersed in the glass substrate, the degree of darkening depends on the thickness of glass, which poses problems with variable-thickness lenses in prescription glasses. With plastic lenses, the material is normally embedded into the surface layer of the plastic. Typically, Photochromic lenses darken substantially in response to UV light in less than one minute, and then continue to darken very slightly. This can take 15 minutes. The lenses fade back to clear along a similar pattern. The lenses will begin to clear as soon as they are away from UV light, and will be noticeably lighter much quicker than the darkening process. However, it can take up to more than 20 minutes for the lenses to completely fade to their non-exposed state. Because Photochromic compounds fade back to their clear state by a thermal process, the higher the temperature, the less dark Photochromic lenses will be. This thermal effect is called temperature dependency and prevents these devices from achieving true sunglass darkness in very hot weather. In contrast, Photochromic lenses will get very dark in cold weather conditions; which makes them more suitable for snow skiers than sun worshippers while outside. Once inside, away from the triggering UV light, the cold lenses take longer to regain their clear colour than warm lenses. 4. The Chemical Compounds of Reversible Photochromism Photochromism can be manipulated into different states, liquids; gels, dyes and water like substance, and solids; thin plastic like films and pigment powders. The most common form of Photochromism is liquid dye. This dye is a clear substance that can be penetrated and manipulated into different forms. Dyes reversibly alter their colour upon exposure to ultraviolet sources. These chameleon-like dyes respond to natural solar irradiation as well as artificial sources such as 365 nanometer black light. When sunlight or ultraviolet (UV) radiation is applied, the Photochromic dye becomes excited and the molecular structure is changed allowing a colour to appear. When the stimulus (sunlight/UV radiation) is removed, the dye will return to a state of rest, which is its colourless form. Photochromic molecules are not reactive in their crystalline state and need to be dissolved in a solvent or polymer to function. A common feature of the Photochromic is a colourless isomer that contains a carbon-oxygen bond which dissociates with UV activation. The colourless isomer contains two localized pi systems that absorb only in the UV part of the spectrum. Hence, the molecule appears colourless. After the carbon-oxygen bond dissociates, the two pi systems change into a single delocalised pi system which absorbs in the visible part of the spectrum, causing colour formulation. The life of Photochromic material depends on the amount of Photochromic compound used, the stabilisers used and the material in which it is used. Generally, it is suggested that 0.1 gram per square foot be used to provide an adequate reservoir of Photochromic compound. The use of ultraviolet absorbers will also extend the life of the Photochromic, but will reduce the colour intensity. There are effectively two changes occurring simultaneously; a chemical change arises when the molecule is exposed to UV light that enables conjugation to take place throughout the molecule; a structural change also occurs to enable the overlap of molecules. Therefore, spatially, the molecules must be able to flatten out to allow this conjugation to take place. It is a fully reversible reaction so that when the light source is removed, the molecule returns to its uncoloured state. Heat can also help drive the reaction back to the uncoloured form, so in very hot conditions, there is always competition between light and heat to determine the given colour observed. In general, a colour change is still observed, albeit weaker than at room temperature. Similarly, in cold conditions in the presence of sunlight, an intense colour is observed as there is little or no competition from the back reaction. Such dyes incorporated within a sol-gel matrix can have several practical applications, such as optical switches (if the reversal is very fast) and optical storage for computer memory (if the reverse colour change is not possible at room temperature). Sol-gel Materials mixed with Photochromic dyes have also been investigated as fibre optic delay generators (Meer 1990), fibre optic shutters, and in Photomasking and Photoresist materials (Hawker 1993). Sol-gel based coatings may also be used for ophthalmic lenses such as scratch resistant coatings on sunglasses. The colouring changing process is described as the, ring opening/ring-closing process (Brown 1971) This is where the molecules lie flat in there closed form before UV radiation. In this state the substance is colourless. Once UV light is exposed to the substance, the molecules react by twisting, creating an open form. This open form causes the Photochromic dye to turn into a colour. Once the UV light is removed, the molecules twist back to their flat state, reversing back to the colourless substance. Depending on the intensity of the UV light and heat, the speed of which the reverse effect may vary. This process can be repeated many times; however the colour will become less and eventually dim. New Photochromic dyes are now being introduced to slow the fading effect and eventually stop it. Scientists can create different colours of Photochromic dyes by mixing Photochromic pigment powder. In their pure state, Photochromic dyes are powdered crystals that must be dissolved in the inks to which they are added. Some manufacturers microencapsulate the Photochromic dye in their own system, as with leucodye microcapsules. Microencapsulating Photochromic systems enables them to be used in inks that cannot dissolve them, such as water-based systems. Even on cloudy days, Photochromic dyes exhibit bright colour changes when taken outdoors. (Just as with lenses) The colour you see may differ slightly on very hot days or if a UV lamp, rather than sunlight, is used to excite the materials. 5. Organic Photochromism Fritzsche reported in 1867 the bleaching of an orange-coloured solution of tetracene in the daylight and the regeneration of the colour in the dark. Later, Meer found a change of colour of the potassium salt of dinitroethane in the solid state (yellow in the dark; red in the daylight). Another early example was published by Phipson, who noted that a painted gate post appeared black all day and white all night (due to a zinc pigment). Research and experiments into organic photochromism has enabled the photochromic process to be used on plastic and other materials. However, organic photochromism is controversial, as this goes beyond the domain of variable optical transmission and includes a number of reversible physical phenomena such as optical memories and switches, variable electrical current, ion transport through membranes, variable wet ability, etc. For this purpose, organic photochromic compounds are often incorporated in polymers and liquid crystalline materials. 6. The Chemical Process of Organic Photochromism Organic Photochromic materials consist of a polymer matrix of optical quality having a refractive state and at least one dye that imparts Photochromic properties to the matrix. A dye must be selected from a group consisting of spiropyrans and chromenes. This compound is then put under intense radiation to form Organic Photochromism. This then can be placed in specialist lenses and materials. 7. Organic Photochromism in Cosmetics In general cosmetic materials, Organic Photochromism is being used in cosmetic and related formulations. Colouration has been employed as a cosmetic device for many centuries (Farrer-Halls, 2007) Materials and methods for achieving predictable and safe cosmetic colouration are being continually explored and improved as evidenced by the large and expanding worldwide cosmetic business. Materials which change colour under the influence of light, i.e. photochromics, can be designed on the molecular level to interact with light to maintain, or even evolve a particular colouration. These materials can be designed to maintain a particular cosmetic look as the ambient lighting changes or as the user moves from place to place. It may be advantageous for the Photochromic response to be reversible. The influence of water can be anticipated and pH balance must be incorporated into the overall system design. It would be advantageous to design a class of materials for which ambient office light, or highly directed light such as in a tanning booth, or even laser light, could be utilised, each creating and imparting a particular predictable cosmetic look. There are, of course, many organic Photochromic materials. However, by necessity, to have a strong absorption feature in the visible part of the spectrum which could be the basis for an effective cosmetic colouration system, the molecular structure often contains a delocalised pi electron system (Farrer-Halls, 2007) Molecules having bonding features associated with such electronic structure, e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, coal tar products, azo dyes, quinoline, and like molecules with or without fused heterocycles, are often carcinogenic and so less desirable or unacceptable as candidates for use as cosmetics as Gill Farrer-Halls (2007, pg2) claims in her book, Naturals and Organics in Cosmetics Many types of organic molecules penetrate the skin barrier and so pose increased toxicity risk. This is a major problem because it would require more complicated testing and evaluation to establish the risk of such materials. Inorganic materials are well known which, because of their insolubility in water and their relatively large particle size, do not penetrate the stratum comeum to any major extent. For example, rouge, being iron oxide, and titanium-dioxide are two widely used oxides with well established safety history (Farrer-Halls, 2007) In fact, most metal oxides, with the possible exception of those used close to the eyes, are more likely ingested, and therefore dangerous if the particles are breathed. There is, therefore, a negligible risk if the oxides are immobilised in a cosmetic formulation. The objective of the design is to identify metal oxides, metal bronzes, and protein based Photochromic systems (materials) which combine novel cosmetic properties with sun blocking. (Farrer-Halls, 2007 pg5) Organic Photochromic systems have novel applications in cosmetics because the colouration they supply can be accented and softened and otherwise manipulated by the application of light, allowing greater control and range of effect than for a single colour application. Conventional colouration, i.e. rouge, can only be manipulated by mechanical means, i.e. rubbing and spreading. In addition to using these materials for their pleasing colouration effects, they can also be used as an actinometer/dosimeter that a person can use to gauge his/her exposure to bright sunlight or in other tanning/burning settings. The concept is based upon the use of the intrinsic Photochromic properties of certain solid transition metal oxides for cosmetic and sun blocking effects. The solid metal oxides suitable for use in this invention are those which undergo Photo induced and thermo enhanced loss of gas phase O2 to produce mixed valence oxides and include WO3, V2 O5, TiO2 and MoO3 (Farrer-Halls, 2007) A particular oxide can be operationally established for any possible choice of oxide by exposing a possible candidate oxide to blue-green or shorter wavelength light under vacuum and observing whether a colour change occurs. In some cases, the oxide is doped with an alkali metal ion or proton to enhance the colour change. As described above, tungsten and molybdenum oxide, and oxides of other metals, and bronzes derived from such oxides, constitute a broad class of materials having potential application as Organic Photochromic sun block/cosmetics. These materials are well known in the context of Photochromic optical data storage media and they offer an excellent match with the very properties needed for cosmetic applications. This relates to the adaptation of the class of tungsten and molybdenum oxide-photochromics to sun blocking/dosimetry, energy storage, and cosmetic colouration (Farrer-Halls, 2007) 8. Photochromic Textiles Photochromism in textiles seems to be a long and complicated process. However it is rather a simple method to produce dyes and inks that can be transformed into fibre to create textiles that react to UV light. Generally the colour-change inducing light has a wavelength in the visible or near visible range. Other factors which may affect the colour of these pigments have been cited by Glyn Phillips (1997 pg 4) include, temperature, moisture, electricity, and gases. Photochromic pigments have previously been applied to textiles by coating processes. Such coated textiles have aesthetic qualities associated with the Photochromic pigments. However, these textiles are not sufficiently colour-fast and their aesthetic qualities are easily destroyed by soiling. Mentioned previously, each time the colour changes due to the reaction of UV light, the colour intensity drops to eventually no apparent change will take place. It has now been discovered that Photochromic pigments can be blended into resinous fibers, yarns or non-woven textiles without substantial loss of Photochromic properties. The dye used can be introduced into this process from a master pigment batch obtained by mixing chromogenic pigments with a low melting polymer. (Phillips, 1997 pg. 5) In the process, the dye is blended with resin (the primary resin) and the mixture is processed into textiles by spinning and drawing or by the spin-bond process. The textiles manufactured by this process are advantageous over the prior method coated products in that the resultant Photochromic pigment-containing textiles are more durable (e.g., more colour-fast), more brightly pigmented, easily laundered after staining (e.g., by soil, solvents or oil) and readily woven directly into the desired fashion. Generally, conventional methods of blending polymers and dyes and of extruding synthetic fibers or non-woven textiles are used in this process. Blending can be done in a fusion type metric mixer, a volumetric type mixer or a weight type mixer. (Phillips, 1997 pg 7) The processes that may be used to manufacture the fibers or non-woven textiles include spinning and drawing processes, continuous spin-draw processes and spun-bond processes for the manufacture of non-woven textiles. However, these processes are modified in accordance with the concept/product such that the Photochromic dye is not subjected to a temperature in excess of about 250 ° C. Preferably, the Photochromic dye is introduced into the polymer mixing process in a master batch of polymer-encapsulated dye pellets. Such Photochromic dye pellets have been described, Generally, the amount of pigment in the masterbatch is from 1 to 10%, preferably from about 2 to 7%. (Phillips, 1997 pg 8) The use of dye pellets in place of directly adding dye facilitates uniform mixing and enhances the the overall process. For use in the production of synthetic fibers or non-woven textiles containing Photochromic pigments, the master batch is mixed with a primary resin, which may or may not be the same as the carrier resin in the master batch. The amount of masterbatch blended with the primary resin ranges from 1:2 to 1:100. The resins used as the primary resin are those with a melting point between about 105 ° C. and about 215 ° C. (Phillips 1997 pg 8) Useful resins include, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyolefins copolymers and terpolymers. Additional fillers and pigments, such as talc, silica, titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, and conventional organic pigments, may be added either to the master batch or during the final fiber or non-woven textile manufacture process. 9. General Applications General applications of Photochromism can be divided into two categories: a) Those directly related to the change in absorption or emission spectra such as variable transmission optical materials, optical information storage, cosmetics, authentication systems, and flow field visualisation. b) Those related to other physical or chemical property changes such as refractive index, electric conductivity, phase transitions, solubility, viscosity, and surface wet ability. Photochromic can now be used in many areas of design. As photochromism has a wide range of solid states, from textiles to glass, (but only one function) most products which use this process are novel. Here are some examples; On garments to create novel products and promotional items like T-shirts On fabric/garment to print company logo / brand name to prevent duplication On garment which are used for party wear Thermometers and temperature indicators Security printing Food industry to indicate temperature of packaged food Photochromic substances can be found in inks, paints, papers and textiles. This property is a boon for scientists doing research on intelligent textiles and smart materials where they are making use of this property to store data on the surface of textile fabrics and polymer sheets. (Whereas the same property of some reactive dyes; is a bane for textile processors. The change in shade after dyeing creates unwanted problems in dyeing) An optical recording medium contains, on a base, one or more dyes and a polymer which forms liquid-crystalline phases. The information is written into the equally oriented liquid-crystalline polymer layer, for example by means of a laser. During this procedure, the polymer heats up locally to above a phase transition temperature. By cooling, the resulting change is frozen in the glass state. The information can be erased by applying an electric field and/or heating. The recording material permits high-contrast storage and possesses high sensitivity, good resolution and excellent stability. There are other chromatic properties called electrochromatism and thermochromatism of dyes that are affected by electric field and heat respectively. 10. Future Products The first Photochromic eye lens is being developed by scientists in Singapore, the Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (IBN), the worlds first bioengineering and nanotechnology research institute. This lens is another world first. The IBN has developed a Photochromic contact lens that will darken upon exposure to sunlight to protect the eyes against harmful ultraviolet radiation and glare. The lenses will conveniently adapt to changes in light and provide optimal indoor and outdoor vision. The IBN scientists also claim that this will help treat eye diseases by incorporating medication into the lens which can deliver medication effectively rather than eye drops. Another future product is Photochromic windows at home and workplaces. These windows will change colour when exposed to UV light from the sun, which will in return make home/workplace cooler and a more comfortable place to be in. Reversible Photochromic textiles have been around for 20 years, (mainly on novel garments) designers and scientists are trying to convert this technology into safety equipment and garments. The only drawback to this concept is that to make the product work during the night, when these safety garments are more needed. Photochromic relies on UV light to work effectively. Unless car head-lights radiate UV, this wont work, and car head-lights giving off UV light is a whole and completely different matter. As mentioned above in general applications, scientist can record and store data using Photochromic dyes. This data can be stored onto any material surface, but at the moment only being used on textiles. This technology has a huge amount of potential. Imagine the data on a personal USB device being stored onto a piece of fabric that the user can roll up into a pocket. The technology can be manipulated to give data back to the user through many objects. The user could watch/read the news on the users glasses; receive emails and correspondence and perhaps even text messages. The only drawback is responding to them. 11. Conclusion Photochromic technology has an immense amount of potential to create new products and in some cases a whole new lifestyle. Scientists can now manipulate Photochromic technology into most applications. Controlling the colour result of Reversible Photochromic is in itself a great achievement. Instead of a dull tone of grey, the colour can be anything from bright green to pink. Making Photochromic available in different materials, from glass to liquid, including textiles, makes this technology unique. Experimentation in novel-products, such as, T -Shirts that change colour when exposed to sun light, has enabled scientists to understand the chemical compounds and how to manipulate them to suit a concept. Now Photochromic technology is being used in more sophisticated ways, such as, the eye contact lens and storing data. This beak through in new technology can have fantastic results for future generations. It will affect the way people work and learn.

Australian Poets: Oodgeroo Noonuccal Essay

This week we will be talking about an aboriginal poet Oodgeroo Noonuccal, also known as Kath walker, who lived from 1920 until 1993. Oodgeroo came from the Noonuccal tribe in Queensland. Once she had completed primary school she left because she believed that even if she stayed in school there wasn’t the slightest possibility of getting a better. Oodgeroo travelled the world telling others about the dreadful conditions the aboriginals were living under and campaigned for equal rights across Australia. Oodgeroo has published many poems including: Understand old one, Municipal gum, Namatjira and We are going. Although she did not begin publishing her poems until she was encouraged by a well known writer, when she was in her forties. Oodgeroo expresses her opinions on how life has changed for aboriginals through her poetry. This is evident in the poem Understand old one. In this poem Oodgeroo compares what Australia was like for her ancestors to what it is like for her. This poem expresses how life in Australia has changed especially for aboriginals. In the first half of the poem Oodgeroo is talking about how life was for her ancestors. It was calm and serene ? there on the old peaceful camping place of your red fires along the quiet waters’. She uses the soft drawn out words such as ? peaceful’ and ? place’ to help this image. Then she explains what life is like now. The busy cities, cars everywhere, ? towering stone gunyas high in the air’, ? planes in the sky’. It is now noisy and busy. She uses quick short sentences in this part of the poem to help bring across the idea of busyness. Her world is the complete opposite of the world that her ancestors lived in. Oodgeroo uses a metaphor of bees. She compares the swarms of cars in the city to bees to give the image of fast, paced, hustle and bustle of the city. She also uses alliteration to help emphasise the imagery used. She uses the alliteration of ? p’ sounds in the first half of the poem to help bring across the image of serenity and peacefulness. She then uses the repetition of ? s’ sounds (sky, swarm) to give an almost buzzing sound to help with imagery of bees. Finally she uses ? f’ sounds of ? frantic’ and ? flight’ to give the impression of speed. Oodgeroo also expresses her view on the way aboriginals have been treated in her poetry. An example of this is municipal gum. This poem compares the image of a gum tree in a city street and an overworked animal to what has happened to the aboriginal people. Oodgeroo compares the aboriginal people to the gum tree when she says ? o fellow citizen what have they done to us’. She likens the tree to herself giving her and the tree a sense of unity. She does this to help give a picture of how aboriginal people have been treated. She also compares the gumtree to a cart-horse. The gumtree has been removed from the forest and placed in the city with hard bitumen around it just as the poor cart-horse has been abused, ?castrated, broke, a thing wronged’ and ripped out of its habitat and is now depressed and miserable. She uses imagery throughout this poem. Firstly she gives the image of the ? cool world of leafy green halls’ where the tree should be. Then she says ? set in your black grass of bitumen’ giving the image of the tree imbedded in bitumen rather than in green grass. ?Whose hung head and listless mien express’ is giving the image of this animal that is broken, sad and wishing for death because it is so miserable. At the end of this poem Oodgeroo asks the rhetorical question ? What have they done to us? ‘ This gets the audience thinking but it also suggests that this image of a gum tree is just like what has happened to the aboriginal people. It compares the aboriginals to this gumtree stuck in the city instead of its natural place, the country. Oodgeroo often uses language that is spoken by aboriginals rather than proper English in her poetry. For example in municipal gum she says ? here you seems to me’ which breaks grammatical intentionally so that the language is closer to aboriginal spoken language. Another example is in Understand old one when she uses the word ?gunya’ to describe modern buildings. Gunya is the aboriginal word for houses. She purposely uses aboriginal language to create empathy and contrast and make it more aboriginal. Oodgeroo’s many works have been recognised for a number of awards including the Mary Gilmore medal (1970), The Jessie Lynchford Award (1975) and the Fellowship of Australian Writers’ Award. Oodgeroo was inspired by her aboriginal upbringing and heritage to write this poetry. Her father was a major influence. He told her to always be proud of her aboriginality and she was.

Brick & Click Essay

A brick means a retail store, and a click means an e-commerce website. The main choice when a new company is starting out is whether to have a brick or a click to get their company going. There are several advantages and disadvantages to choosing either a brick or a click. One advantage of having a brick store to begin with is that when a new company starts people may be wary about completing a transaction online with the company as they do not know if it is trustworthy or not when giving out card details and PayPal account details and similar things. Therefore, by beginning with a brick store people can deal with others face to face and complete the transaction straight away. There is less chance of losing money or having card details stolen if you are using them yourself, rather than relying on someone or something else. If you have a problem, it is very easy and simple to deal with it in a brick store where it may be difficult to get in contact with those on a click e-commerce website as you would need to either write a letter, use the telephone, send an e-mail or file a complaint online on the actual website and you may not get a response. In a brick store you can simply go into the shop and deal with it there and do it face to face with an employee of the company. Another advantage of a brick store is that if there is a problem with the product you can also simply return it to the store and get a change of item or your money back, online this may be a problem as it will cost for postage and packing, it will also take much longer as well. One of the main advantages of starting with a brick store is the possibility of hackers that could put off consumers from purchasing items online. This therefore means that some people prefer to do their shopping in person in a retail store where they can see what is happening. Another advantage is that you can put your hands on a product and test it, to  see if the customer likes the product. On a click store all you can do is look at an image with other details such as size and colour. You can for example try on clothes in store however you have to rely on a size being the same as similar clothing items that you own. However, there are also a variety of advantages to beginning with a click store. A main one is how much cheaper it is to simply open a website in comparison to a retails store. The company will not need to employ anywhere as near as the amount of people that would be employed in a retail store, as well as paying bills for the building and lighting and whatever else. All that is needed online is to make the website, maintain it and update it if necessary and then people working in a warehouse to send out the products to the customers. Another advantage is the convenience of a click store. This means that people can use it anytime of the day and the company don’t need anyone on the website to complete a transaction or anything like that. This means that products can be purchased and ordered at any time that you want to browse the internet. There is no opening and closing times to a click store. From an e-commerce store you can check to see if a product is in stock on one website and then if not just simply browse round all the other similar websites without leaving your home and find a website that has the product in stock and purchase it. You can go to other brick stores if the product you wanted was not in one store, but it would take much longer and there is also much more companies online than there will be in the same town or city. It is much easier to find a product online and you can simply use a search bar to enter keywords for what you are looking for and then browse all the results that it brings up. This will bring up hopefully what you were looking for as well as similar items which you may then prefer that you would not have known about if you had just walked into a shop and bought the product. You can also pay all bills and whatever is owed from your own home online which is much easier and simpler.

Gender Inequality - 1645 Words

Gender inequality is currently a hot topic in our society. From education, to the entertainment industry, and more importantly, to our daily lives, gender inequality has created a powerful divide between females and males. The same trend follows in the workplace, where females are less likely to hold positions of authority compared to their male counterparts, which is a key contributor to the workplace gender inequality all across the United States. There are a lot of common misconceptions about the facts and aspects of workplace gender inequality. For example, many people believe that women themselves choose lower paying jobs that have little or no authoritative roles. Or that the gender pay gap and inequality in the workplace is due to†¦show more content†¦Therefore, by allowing more females in manager positions, companies can easily facilitate gender equality in the workplace. Fuller and Schoenberger offered their own insight on this topic with their article titled The Gender Salary Gap, which explored the influence of different levels of education, hands-on career experiences, and choice of major, on the starting salaries of college graduates. They narrowed their research by choosing candidates that were business majors, such as finance, accounting, etc. They filled the gaps of previous research by finding measurable factors that affected the salary gap, and they also asked whether a certain set of characteristics had the same effects later on in the person’s career as it did in the beginning (Fuller 179). By using quantitative methods such as regression analysis, decomposing of differentials in starting salary, and by quantifying candidates’ characteristics, so they could be easily measured and compared, they found that the more educated and experienced a woman was, the higher her starting salary. 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