Tuesday, November 26, 2019
Compare and Contrast William Shakespeares Sonnet 18 to In an Artists Studio by Christina Rossetti Essays
Compare and Contrast William Shakespeares Sonnet 18 to In an Artists Studio by Christina Rossetti Essays Compare and Contrast William Shakespeares Sonnet 18 to In an Artists Studio by Christina Rossetti Paper Compare and Contrast William Shakespeares Sonnet 18 to In an Artists Studio by Christina Rossetti Paper Essay Topic: Christina Rossetti Poems Literature The pre twentieth century sonnets In an Artists studio (1856) by Christina Rossetti (1830 1894) and Sonnet 18 (1609) by William Shakespeare (1564 1616) are related because they explore the subjects of Beauty and Love, however it is important to acknowledge that although they are similar in content, they differ due to the way they present the object of their desires from contrasting perspectives. Furthermore, whilst the poems share the conventional fourteen line sonnet structure, Rossetti relies on the petrarchan whilst Shakespeares rhyme scheme is original. The Petrarchan sonnet portrays Christina Rossettis older brother, Dante Gabrielle, who was obsessed with the model Jane Morris whom he used for inspiration in his paintings during the Pre Raphalite period, which he himself founded. The aim of the Brotherhood was to produce earnest, quasi-religious works, motivated by medieval and early Renaissance painters up to the time of the Italian painter and Architect Raphael. This was because as a whole they eschewed the sombre colours and formal vision preferred by the Royal academy at the time. This is illustrated by Dante Gabrielles paintings of the nameless girl in freshest summer greens. By Contrast, Shakespeares sonnet is addressed to an anonymous person with whom he is infatuated. He begins by posing the rhetorical question of whether or not he should compare his subject to A summers day. He dismisses his question in the second line and argues thou art more lovely and more temperate. Although the diction used in the poem is ornate due to the tradition of courtly love of his time, his simple and direct analogy enables us to comprehend the nature oh his affection more easily. His use of iambic pentameter is also very efficient, there being ten syllables in each line and the use of a simple rhyming scheme with a couplet at the end helps to generate a calm and confident effect which contributes to Shakespeares general premise of the nature Love. Rossettis ode is written two hundred and forty seven years later and is therefore far simpler to grasp. She describes her brothers infatuation by using the word feeds which indicates that he needs the model to sustain himself as he feeds upon her face by night and day. Rossetti uses language associated with food to convey the impression that love is essential to the contribution of life itself. The nameless face is a portrait of perfection throughout all of Dantes canvasses. Whereas Shakespeare woos his beloved through flattery by stating that his love is better than the sun because, Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines, and often his gold complexion dimmd. The first part of the quotation indicates that the heat of the sun is sometimes scorching and therefore unbearable, the personification of the sun as somebody radiating out heat and causing discomfort enables him to describe his love as something more lovely and temperate than the imperfections of the English summer. Although the objects of affection in each sonnet are presented differently, it can be seen that both poets are portraying perfection. Rossetti expresses that Gabrielle has presented Jane Morris beyond reality and has perfected her so, proving her to be not as she is but as she fills his dream. Comparatively Shakespeare conveys that the being whom he is flattering is better than a summers day. Summers lease hath all too short a date Stating that summer does not last whereas the beauty of his subject of desire will, expressing that the lease of his exquisiteness is everlasting. There is a prominent use of natural worlds in both poems to glamorise Rossetti and Shakespeares subjects of desire equally. Shakespeare chooses a summers day to reiterate that his entity of desire is far beyond the beauty of a summers day Whereas Rossettis simile Fair as the moon and joyful as the light suggests that the women in the paintings is presented as angelic and saint like which is reflective of the pre raphelite period in which they purposely hunted to bring a religious undertone to their art, and because they aimed to produce quasi religious works. Again verifying the embroidered depiction of the cherished individuals. Both admirers Shakespeare and Rossetti offer immortality. Shakespeare quite ironically states that Nor shall death brag thou wanderest in his shade in line 12 of the sonnet, referring to the biblical reference, oh death, where is thy sting? Or grave thy victory (Psalms 23:3). This testimonial implies that death normally boasts of his conquests over life. Whereas Shakespeare implies that his magnificence will not be forgotten even if death captures her. When in eternal lines to time thou growest, suggesting that it is through these undying lines that his subjects elegance will be able to live by time. In his ending couplet, Shakespeare states that as long as men breathe and eyes can see his verses will live on commemorating and renewing the life he adores. Similarly Dante Gabrielles paintings of the selfsame figure will allow Jane Morris to be reminisced, obviously through the canvases. Although it can be debated that it is not the actual model of Jane Morris whom will be remembered, but instead the superficial self which Dante has created. A saint, an angel every canvas means Every depiction is created just as perfect as both a saint and an angel. I believe that this is a very important part to have identified because of Christina Rossettis tone whilst describing the nameless face. Rossetti highlights her animosity through the use of repetition in the first two verses. One face looks out from all his canvases One selfsame figure sits or walks or leans Her tone here is cynical as she repeats the word One suggesting that she is bitter and resilient to his portrayal of the model as well as his obsession. I personally enjoyed Sonnet 18 by William Shakespeare, because it is more effective in revealing the essence of Love and Beauty. Although both sonnets are about beauty and love they are still quite different to each other. In Sonnet 18 Shakespeare uses an analogy to evaluate his subject to a summers day. He presents her through adoration and displays her as she naturally is. However in In an Artists studio Dante sustains upon the selfsame figure that he possesses in his personal intellect. The model Jane Morris is placed on a pedestal to make her appear unblemished as well as angelic and unquestionably picturesque. Gabrielle does not portray her as she is but instead, as she fills his dreams. Both Sonnets characterize their treasured ones in unimaginable forms, they are exquisite to the outermost, simply by the use of unparalleled phraseology, manufacturing them neither as they arise but moreover as they saturate dreams.
Saturday, November 23, 2019
Modules, Structures, and Classes
Modules, Structures, and Classes There are just three ways to organize a VB.NET application. ModulesStructuresClasses But most technical articles assume that you already know all about them. If youre one of the many who still have a few questions, you could just read past the confusing bits and try to figure it out anyway. And if you have a lot of time, you can start searching through Microsofts documentation: A Module is a portable executable file, such as type.dll or application.exe, consisting of one or more classes and interfaces.A Class statement defines a new data type.The Structure statement defines a composite value type that you can customize. Right, then. Any questions? To be a bit more fair to Microsoft, they have pages and pages (and more pages) of information about all of these that you can wade through. And they have to be as exact as possible because they set the standard. In other words, Microsofts documentation sometimes reads like a law book because it is a law book. But if youre just learning .NET, it can be very confusing! You have to start somewhere. Understanding the three fundamental ways that you can write code in VB.NET is a good place to start. You can write VB.NET code using any of these three forms. In other words, you can create a Console Application in VB.NET Express and write: Module Module1   Sub Main()      MsgBox(This is a Module!)   End SubEnd ModuleClass Class1   Sub Main()      MsgBox(This is a Class)   End SubEnd ClassStructure Struct1   Dim myString As String   Sub Main()      MsgBox(This is a Structure)   End SubEnd Structure This doesnt make any sense as a program, of course. The point is that you dont get a syntax error so its legal VB.NET code. These three forms are the only way to code the queen bee root of all of .NET: the object. The only element that interrupts the symmetry of the three forms is the statement: Dim myString As String. That has to do with a Structure being a composite data type as Microsoft states in their definition. Another thing to notice is that all three blocks have a Sub Main() in them. One of the most fundamental principals of OOP is usually called encapsulation. This is the black box effect. In other words, you should be able to treat each object independently and that includes using identically named subroutines if you want to. Classes Classes are the right place to start because, as Microsoft notes, A class is a fundamental building block of object-oriented programming (OOP). In fact, some authors treat modules and structures as just special kinds of classes. A class is more object oriented than a module because its possible to instantiate (make a copy of) a class but not a module. In other words, you can code ... Public Class Form1   Private Sub Form1_Load( _      ByVal sender As System.Object, _      ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _      Handles MyBase.Load      Dim myNewClass As Class1 New Class1      myNewClass.ClassSub()   End SubEnd Class (The class instantiation is emphasized.) It doesnt matter whether the actual class itself, in this case, ... Public Class Class1   Sub ClassSub()      MsgBox(This is a class)   End SubEnd Class ... is in a file by itself or is part of the same file with the Form1 code. The program runs exactly the same way. (Notice that Form1 is a class too.) You can also write class code that behaves much like a module, that is, without instantiating it. This is called a Shared class. The article Static (that is, Shared) versus Dynamic Types in VB.NET explains this in much more detail. Another fact about classes should also be kept in mind. Members (properties and methods) of the class only exist while the instance of the class exists. The name for this is scoping. That is, the scope of an instance of a class is limited. The code above can be changed to illustrate this point this way: Public Class Form1   Private Sub Form1_Load( _      ByVal sender As System.Object, _      ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _      Handles MyBase.Load      Dim myNewClass As Class1 New Class1      myNewClass.ClassSub()      myNewClass Nothing      myNewClass.ClassSub()   End SubEnd Class When the second myNewClass.ClassSub() statement is executed, a NullReferenceException error is thrown because the ClassSub member doesnt exist. Modules In VB 6, it was common to see programs where most of the code was in a module (A .BAS, file rather than, for instance, in a Form file such as Form1.frm.) In VB.NET, both modules and classes are in .VB files. The main reason modules are included in VB.NET is to give programmers a way to organize their systems by putting code in different places to fine tune the scope and access for their code. (That is, how long members of the module exist and what other code can reference and use the members.) Sometimes, you may want to put code into separate modules just to make it easier to work with. All VB.NET modules are Shared because they cant be instantiated (see above) and they can be marked Friend or Public so they can be accessed either within the same assembly or whenever theyre referenced. Structures Structures are the least understood of the three forms of objects. If we were talking about animals instead of objects, the structure would be an Aardvark. The big difference between a structure and a class is that a structure is a value type and a class is a reference type. What does that mean? Im so glad you asked. A value type is an object that is stored directly in memory. An Integer is a good example of a value type. If you declared an Integer in your program like this ... Dim myInt as Integer 10 ... and you checked the memory location stored in myInt, you would find the value 10. You also see this described as being allocated on the stack. The stack and the heap are simply different ways of managing the use of computer memory. A reference type is an object where the location of the object is stored in memory. So finding a value for a reference type is always a two step lookup. A String is a good example of a reference type. If you declared a String like this ... Dim myString as String This is myString ... and you checked the memory location stored in myString, you would find another memory location (called a pointer - this way of doing things is the very heart of C style languages). You would have to go to that location to find the value This is myString. This is often called being allocated on the heap. The stack and the heap Some authors say that value types arent even objects and only reference types can be objects. Its certainly true that the sophisticated object characteristics like inheritance and encapsulation are only possible with reference types. But we started this whole article by saying that there were three forms for objects so I have to accept that structures are some sort of object, even if theyre non-standard objects. The programming origins of structures go back to file-oriented languages like Cobol. In those languages, data was normally processed as sequential flat files. The fields in a record from the file were described by a data definition section (sometimes called a record layout or a copybook). So, if a record from the file contained: 1234567890ABCDEF9876 The only way you would know that 1234567890 was a phone number, ABCDEF was an ID and 9876 was $98.76 was through the data definition. Structures help you accomplish this in VB.NET. Structure Structure1   VBFixedString(10) Dim myPhone As String   VBFixedString(6) Dim myID As String   VBFixedString(4) Dim myAmount As StringEnd Structure Because a String is a reference type, its necessary to keep the length the same with the VBFixedString attribute for fixed length records. You can find an extended explanation of this attribute and attributes in general in the article Attributes in VB .NET. Although structures are non-standard objects, they do have a lot of capability in VB.NET. You can code methods, properties, and even events, and event handlers in structures, but you can also use more simplified code and because theyre value types, processing can be faster. For example, you could recode the structure above like this: Structure Structure1   VBFixedString(10) Dim myPhone As String   VBFixedString(6) Dim myID As String   VBFixedString(4) Dim myAmount As String   Sub mySub()      MsgBox(This is the value of myPhone: myPhone)   End SubEnd Structure And use it like this: Dim myStruct As Structure1myStruct.myPhone 7894560123myStruct.mySub() Its worth your time to play around with structures a bit and learn what they can do. Theyre one of the odd corners of VB.NET that can be a magic bullet when you need it.
Thursday, November 21, 2019
Providing Employees with Company Sponsored Fitness Memberships Essay
Providing Employees with Company Sponsored Fitness Memberships - Essay Example Introduction In an age of increased competition business organizations are looking forward towards generating overall excellence in business. The role of human resource management is very important in this regard as they form the most important asset for any organization. Organizations are trying to provide various benefits to employees in order to retain the best talents and increase the job satisfaction levels. In addition to monetary rewards and benefits, companies are also providing non material benefits like meal passes and other recreational items to the employees in order to ensure motivation among the employees. The present study would analyze the aspect of providing fitness center memberships to employees as an added benefit. The study would analyze the various advantages it can have on the employees of the organization that in turn can lead to generation of organizational excellence. The study would analyze the fitness center programs of LA fitness center that is based in U K and offers fitness center facilities to the members. In addition to this a comparison would also be made with two other competitors namely Virgin Active and David Lloyd with regards to the facilities and cost of each of these centers. Advantages of Memberships The aspect of providing fitness club memberships for employees has far reaching benefits for the organization. Some of the possible benefits for employees and the organization include reduction of insurance premium costs for the employees; generation of disability based benefits as well as reduced expenses on medical related reasons. In addition to these benefits a fitness center membership can also help in improving the physical fitness of the employees. This would help in reduced absenteeism due to lesser instances of an employee being unfit. This can also lead to generation of more productivity that can help the organization in the long run. It has also been found that sponsoring fitness schemes for employees leads to imp rovement in the morale of the employees that affects their performance at the organization which in turns affects the productivity of the employee. Certain other derived benefits of health club memberships for employees include attractiveness among the new and prospective candidates, reduced turnover rate of employees that in turn helps a company to not only get the best talents but also helps in retaining the talents of the organization that helps generate competitive advantage for the organization. Inclusion of family members in the fitness club membership can increase the satisfaction levels of employees manifold and would help the organization generate greater motivation for the employees. The effect of fitness center memberships can multiply if education and promotional programs are included as a part of the fitness program offering. Special efforts should be made to popularize these aspects especially among employees who have chronic problems such as blood pressure and diabete s as well as workers whose tasks are largely sedentary in nature. Physical fitness programs can help generate a healthy balance of mind and body
Tuesday, November 19, 2019
Romania Risk Assessment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words - 1
Romania Risk Assessment - Assignment Example Hazards identified at the level if agency and department and also those in the process were assessed in the process of risk assessment. These hazards were categorized into four groups that included Transportation, Civil, Technological and Natural. In the second stage, entails the reflection of the total risks presented by the hazard that is identified. At this point, the group comes together to undertake the process of risk assessment in Romania. During the period of assessment, some of the two issues that are key and need to be considered are; the likelihood assessment and the potential impact examination. The criteria of the likelihood and impact are to be used as the basis for decision making. The system of classification is based on a risk assessment guide in the major management of emergency (DEHLG, 2010). In determining the types of risk that exists it is wise to show the relative lively hood of the risk occurrence against its impact The risk of flooding that is explained by the Romanian Academy Geography Institution extended the distribution site of the sites of Seveso; this provided an opportunity for these areas to be categorized as areas that are prone to Natech event. In Romania, areas that are categorized as flood risk occupy a larger surface hence increasing the probability of the occurrence of Natech with the major cause flooding. The largest area of the site of Seveso that could be affected by the floods is located in the central and western part of Romania. Sites of Seveso can also be found in Mures, Hunedoara and Alba counties. However, other counties in Romania which do not have the Seveso Sites and have a high risk of being affected by the floods are majorly at the west and they include Olt-South, Caransebes-South-West, Giurgiu, and Caras (European Environment Agency, 2010). The year 2003 was exceptional when view from a climatic point. Most of the part of
Sunday, November 17, 2019
Impact of christianity Essay Example for Free
Impact of christianity Essay Christian dogmas have always been intertwined with philosophy regardless of the fact that most of the time both philosophers and theologians had polar opinions associated with religion and philosophy respectively. The first mentioning of philosophy in the Bible was encountered in the New Testament: See to it that no one makes a prey of you by philosophy and empty deceit, according to human tradition, according to the elemental spirits of the universe, and not according to Christ. (Colossians 2:8) Nevertheless, one of the earliest Christian representatives Tertullian always disagreed with the combination of ordinary temporal philosophical views and spiritual exalted religious dogmas. To the contrary, another religious thinker St. Augustine of Hippo defended the idea of inter-complementation of abstract science and Christian faith only in case of their mutual compatibility. St. Thomas Aquinas made great contribution to the Christianity’s impact on philosophy, as he was the first to distinguish these two important sectors of human perception of surrounding environment. He claimed that o Owing to philosophy information is being received through basic sensory functions: smell, touch, vision, hearing, and taste. Also, it is possible to prove and check the data according to laws of physics initially based on philosophy as well. o Owing to Christianity, information is not something to be proved or argued. It is to be accepted axiomatically especially when it is closely connected with God and Divine. After the Middle Ages the double nature of Jesus Christ (divine and human) was put in doubt and required explicit evidence regarding the origin and function of God. Philosophy could not succeed in answering this question, as the notions of humanity and divinity do not logically coincide with each other. Therefore, certain attempts were made with the help of Christianity to resolve the issue of imbalance. Thus, we need to mention three major reasons why philosophy was isolated from Christianity. ? First of all, philosophers from English-speaking world were predominantly atheists and rejected all spiritual and divine aspects of human activity. They required strong logical evidence and proof for subjects of their investigation and discussion ? Secondly, rejecting Christian dogmas philosophers were constantly seeking alternative ways to find proof for their arguments and new methods and evidences hidden in other religions.? Thirdly, philosophers believed that the language of religion and theology is too incoherent, irrational, and inconsistent that the meaning, no matter how important or of current importance it may be, loses its significance. Philosophical issues that have become Christianized include: ? Trinity: it was no clear for many thinkers why God consisted of three persons: God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. In the 7th century the Council of Toledo announced: â€Å"we may say God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit; but they are not three Gods, he is one God†. Similar to how a solar system may consist of numerous cosmic bodies. ? Sacrifice and atonement: philosophers believed that one punishment is enough to give birth to another, which is not always fair. However, Christianity responded by proving that punishment has moral nature and it is not something that exceptionally deals with evil. In conclusion, we may add that Christianity had a great impact on philosophy since early times. References Moore, N. B. , Bruder, K. (2004). Philosophy: The Power of Ideas. 6th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Humanities.
Thursday, November 14, 2019
Relationship Between Man and Machine in Lewis Mumford’s Technics and Ci
Relationship Between Man and Machine in Lewis Mumford’s Technics and Civilization Lewis Mumford’s Technics and Civilization is both a chronicle and a critique of the development of technology alongside society. Mumford sees the development of modern technology as having occurred in three distinct phasesâ€â€greatly oversimplifying, one could say that the phases represent the shift from â€Å"wood and water†to â€Å"coal and iron†and finally to â€Å"alloy and electricity†. The work is also intensely concerned with the relationship between war and technology. Though the book was written in 1934, its insights transcend the decades and are surprisingly applicable today. An issue concerning us right now, Mumford talks at length about the influences of war on technological advancement, in fact, "at every stage in its modern development it was war rather than industry and trade that showed in complete outline the main features that characterize the machine." [1] We may be inclined to say that warfare, rather than necessity, is the mother of invention. The large majority of new discoveries and inventions aren't discovered by quirky inventors in their basement labs. Instead, we have research and development teams working in large corporations with grants from the US Military. It is somewhat unsettling to think that many of our brightest minds are hired to further their fields under the watchful direction of our military. Of course, many inventions developed by the military make their way into civilian life arguably completely separated from its intended martial use. The most obvious example comes from ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency); the Internet. The Department of Defense was very interested in develop... ... backed up with specific examples, and we often found ourselves in awe of his ability to collect, analyze, and interpret so many obscure moments in history. It’s an excellent collection of insights into the intimate relationship between man and machine. Works Cited 1. Mumford, Lewis, Technics and Civilization, Harbinger, 1934, pg. 89 2. Ruthfield, Scott, â€Å"The Internet’s History and Development: From Wartime Tool to the Fish-Cam,†http://www.acm.org/crossroads/xrds2-1/inet- history.html 3. Mumford, Lewis, Technics and Civilization, Harbinger, 1934, pg. 216 4. Mumford, Lewis, Technics and Civilization, Harbinger, 1934, pg. 218 5. Mumford, Lewis, Technics and Civilization, Harbinger, 1934, pg. 232 6. Mumford, Lewis, Technics and Civilization, Harbinger, 1934, pg. 151 7. Mumford, Lewis, Technics and Civilization, Harbinger, 1934, pg. 176
Tuesday, November 12, 2019
Lingerie A Fashion Statement Fashion Essay
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It ‘s non merely adult females that are happening these shops intriguing, there is a big part of people that are detecting that they can order a batch of merchandises from their place and have them delivered. You can acquire these points delivered to your house with the greatest of easiness. It is an unbelievable thing to bask lacing intimate apparel, and people should truly understand how great things are now that there is more information out at that place to bask. If information in a sense is power, you have the power of a great consumer to travel out at that place and acquire the best trades on grownup intimate apparel and unmentionables for personal or recreational uses. Surely, non everyone in the universe is truly looking for lacing intimate apparel. However, there is a great sum of people and places that receive catalogs. If you are looking to spice up your ain life, or the life of your spouse, you can make so with have oning a nice lacing merchandise. Lace is really nice and soft, making a nice cognitive position for your partner or spouse. Looking for good material online is easy. The cyberspace has given us a major sum of power in respects to consumer shopping. You can truly look into comparing shopping with the touch of a button. You have to set this into position. If you were to desire to purchase lacing intimate apparel back in the yearss before the cyberspace roar, you were looking frontward to a batch of clip spent traveling shop to hive away. If you make it to a shop that sells these points, you would so hold to seek each one on, and most likely non happen the size you need. The job here is that shops do non ever carry the sizes of all adult females, furthermore they merely order what is popular in their country, non what the possible consumer might desire. However, if you go on-line to seek for a good shop that has lacing, you will detect that they carry all sizes and many different colourss because Thursday In an age where professional life style seduces one ‘s inherent aptitudes dressing takes a Centre stage.Dont be put down by humdrum traits of intimate apparel and usage wears. Making each twenty-four hours and dark a piece to retrieve is the most sought after sphere of human outlooks. Make your loved one feel exquisite by showing her a all right line of alien intimate apparel. Whether it is a Valentine ‘s dark a sexy shimmy may chat up with your psyche, transport your sleek attitudes with a underbodice, or surprise your spouse with a push-up bandeau which certainly would hypnotise his inherent aptitudes. Make her feel particular with a all new scope of intimate apparel doing her expression like a Hollywood star. The store for intimate apparel ne'er satisfies your psyche until you try a few trade names. Subject parties or Halloween eventides or that particular day of remembrance you have been waiting for long, purchase a sexy intimate apparel that would do your spouse expe rience special.Buy a sexy intimate apparel from a scope of party subjects available all the twelvemonth unit of ammunition. The feeling of being sexy is non merely promoted by your mentality but by your interior beauty, that ‘s why a sexy bandeau or pantie enhances your innerself by catapulting your curves and physical being. Silk in that sense makes one more attractive and is the most preferable trade name globally. A flirty babe doll enhances your societal presence but a sleepwear with extremist texture quality creates an feeling on your loved 1s. Try different trade names and manner each twenty-four hours to do your spouse looking for invention and make a long standing feeling on his thought genre. A bustier enhances non merely your curves but a colour assortment worn with sleek tops and denims bring out amorousness in you. Let your femina speak for itself when traveling for intimate apparel. Let your close buddies feel covetous with your all new girdle. Lingerie shopping i s a amour propre when explored in entirety, allow the wilderness in you speak up, travel purchase a sexy intimate apparel, do yourself experience particular with your all new mentality, do your life at large-kingsize.There are assorted trade names like Solera, Victoria ‘s secret, Olimpia, Elita, Cosabella, Portura, Chinchira.Though expensive trade names may be harsh on your pocket but there are many trade names like American dream, Bali, Aubade which are both attractive and costworthy.Check out the texture and size and basic liners before purchasing your lingerie.One thing to retrieve is the all right point quality grade which rarely people forget while purchasing a new intimate apparel. So what are you waiting for? Go shoot out to your nearest trader mercantile establishment to acquire clasp of your interior dreams and purchase sexy intimate apparel.
Sunday, November 10, 2019
The Color Purple: Consolation in Female Bonding
Copyright: Martina Diehl June 2012 The Color Purple: Consolation in Female Bonding Celie’s road to trusting and loving herself Abstract This essay is about the love affair in The Color Purple, a novel by Alice Walker in which, thoughts on racism, incest, rape, love and family affairs are provoked. The reader learns about these subjects through the letters that Celie, an uneducated black woman, writes to God and through the letters that her sister Nettie and Celie write to each other.I would like to discuss how Walker raises the issue of love between females, which involves trust and understanding, two aspects that the men in the novel don’t possess. The reader witnesses how the women are being oppressed and abused in this men’s world, Celie and Shug find comfort and security in each other and then become less afraid to stand up for themselves. I will touch on the comparisons of the awareness hierarchy in Song of Solomon by Toni Morrison and The Color Purple.Furth ermore, Walker guides us through the rise of this sisterhood and female love affair, which helps them find the otherness in God, the colour purple. This novel tells us of sexual racism, incest, oppression and abuse which leads to what walker refers to as womanist, which is to feminism what the colour purple is to lavender (Abbandato 1113). The text implies that Celie and Shug find their love for each other through traumatic events where African-American females are lowest in rank, causing sexual racism, rape and abuse by the dominating male. The Beginning of Celie and Shug Nature said, you two folks, hook up, cause you a good example of how it sposed to go. †(105) Celie has been abused by men all her life and still she does what they tell her to out of fear until she meets Shug, who stands up for Celie and shows her many beautiful things life carries with her. ‘Pa’ has abused Celie and she has become pregnant, twice. Incest and abuse seems to be the life she knows and therefore she is afraid of all men including God because she fears getting beaten and doing something wrong. She is not afraid to write to God because she thinks that He, â€Å"as a white male istener, is ill-equipped to hear what she has to say†(Tucker 82), and because her stepfather has made her afraid to tell anybody else, as is shown in the first line of the novel: â€Å"You better not tell nobody but God. It’d kill your mammy. †(3) She has always feared men, and when she sees Shug Avery for the first time she is amazed to see that a female has power over Mr. ____. At first Shug treats Celie as a servant because Shug is supposed to be with Mr. ____ and not Celie. She finally accepts this is reality and finds out that the man she used to know as Albert is not the same anymore.Celie’s traumatic sexual events and incest may have caused Celie to dive into this female love affair with Shug. Shug hears Celie’s stories about the raping, and how Celie lets Albert take advantage of her because abuse is the life she has always lead, the life she is used to. Shug helps Celie see the beautiful things that God has given them. Walker uses the letters Celie writes as a political statement, reminding the reader that Celie can only write her feelings about herself and objective information in writing. She continues to do this in the novel even though she can tell her feelings to Shug.She still feels the need to write to God or Nettie (Christian 424). When talking to Shug, Celie finds â€Å"lesbian continuum†(Abbandato: 1108): the concept of love, friendship and sisterly solidarity, in a world where heterosexuality is compulsory and women are supposed to be no more than objects to men, they are â€Å"the second sex†(Chaber 213), women with no rights or power. A fight against society Walker shows the reader how black woman are trying to rise above the conditions of their society. Sofia and Shug are the two characters that fight against masculine domination.In Song of Solomon, Morrison focuses on the oppression of women and ridicules the men, showing the reader what men consider to be right while emphasizing the abuse of women. These two novels are set in the same time period and both take place in the South of the United States, both novels show the sexual and racial abuse of women as a second sex between 1910 and 1963. Women in white society were gaining power while black women still had none. During the twentieth century black women began to travel more and saw more of the world and therefore this change in dominance in society.They would no longer tolerate the power that men had over them. The oppression that Celie was part of. Celie does not write of her husband by name, he is part of the system joining God and her father in â€Å"an unholy trinity of power than displaces her identity. †(Abbandato 1111) Fear of standing up to the dominant sex Celie is afraid to stand up to her husban d. She does not want to get a beating and is traumatised by the events she went through before she left home to be with Mr. ____. Her mother passed away and she is left with a stepfather who raped her and whom she thought dumped her babies in the woods.Celie is continually silenced by her stepfather and Mr. ____ and has no choice in the marriage. She is only an object to the men and is required work around the house and care for them. She does not like to write down or talk about the names of the men who she knows, she prefers to call them Mr. ___ or ‘Pa’ and refers to them as ‘Him’, like God, these men have more power over her than she has over herself. (Tucker 84) She does not know the man who she calls ‘Pa’ is not her real father until much later when she hears the story from Nettie.Her children whom she thought were gone are with Nettie and Celie learns that white people hanged her father. Comparing Walker to Morrison Walker addresses the i ntersectionality of black women in a white society. As she guides the reader through the novel, the reader discovers the class differences in South America. Not only are white women less powerful than white men, beneath that are the African Americans, in which the African American female seems to be the lowest class. Toni Morrison presents the reader with a similar view where the ‘coloured’ people are in search of the self, trying to fight for a better future.Both novels show the oppression within society that bellows for the African Americans. Walker seems to concentrate on showing the reader all aspects of oppression by highlighting Celie’s sexual preference, and the sexism and racism which is present not only between a white and black society but also within the African American society. Walker lets the reader find the different levels of discrimination within classes of society. In The Color Purple as well as in Song of Solomon, these different levels of disc rimination arise. Macon Dead and the arrator in Song of Solomon show the reader these different levels of discrimination in the following excerpt: â€Å"â€Å"Why can’t you dress like a woman? †He was standing by the stove. What’s that sailor’s cap doing on your head? Don’t you have stockings? What are you trying to make me look like in this town? †He trembled with the thought of the white men in the bank – the men who helped him buy mortgage houses – discovering that this raggedy bootlegger was his sister. †(20) Macon Dead dreads what the white men might think of his family, as they are impressed with this ‘Negro’ who handles business so well.Besides that, Ruth dresses in a masculine manner, which could be argued is a way of proving that she is not lower in class than the men around her. Here in this excerpt, she might be compared to Shug Avery in some respect; she provokes the men around her to show her meaning in society. Throughout both texts a lot of similarities can be found in regard to womanism. The women in the texts tend to be either dependent on their husbands on independent women with principles and an ideal to grow, and be accepted as equals in society.Walker critiques the black community here by insinuating that women have the right to take responsibility for themselves (Christian 424). Celie’s trust and distrust Celie, as apposed to Shug, begins hardly any particular views of her own, and only does what she thinks is right: caring for her husband. She holds onto the morals she has learnt from her stepfather, although she realises that her life could be less abusive, she does not seem to feel that she has the power to change that. She thinks that her stepfather, who raped her, has killed her children and therefore she does not trust him.The incest that happens allows distrust towards her family, and so she turns to God is not allowed to tell anybody about the rap e and abuse. Celie struggles through life as an uneducated young woman who seems to have a great responsibility of looking after an entire household, she is at the bottom of the chain in her family. When Celie meets Shug Avery she seems fascinated by this black woman who is able to stand up to Mr. ____, she even calls him by his first name. Shug is surprised with the way in which Celie lets herself be treated, and the way Albert has changed.Shug finds herself interested in Celie’s life, and Celie finally finds somebody whom she will trust to tell her stories to. By putting her trust in Shug, does not Celie again depend on somebody, as she has done all along? She depends on her sister to write about what life is like, she depends on the ways she is treated and the consolation she finds in writing to God. She does not seem to be able to survive without a husband for who would care for her? Now Shug is willing to care for her, by letting Celie becoming dependent yet again.Nevert heless, due to the influence of Shug, Celie is able to trust herself again (Christian 424). A love affair: Celie and Shug The love between Celie and Shug is found through the traumatic events that especially Celie suffers from, and her previous inability to stand up for herself and to speak, as she would only write to God. African-American females in The Color Purple suffer from their dependence on a husband and being low in the hierarchical setting of the southern states. Celie finds trust and consolation in being able to speak to Shug, who does not abuse her, but merely touches her.This trust turns into a love affair, a lesbian continuum. They find a connection in being on this low hierarchical scale and both find love, which they had been missing. Celie learns to love herself, to trust her own thoughts gains trust in herself and in Shug, she learns to love herself because Shug loves her. Arguably, because she trusts herself she is able to speak up for herself and know when she do es not want something; Albert no longer abuses her because of Shug’s resentment towards Albert’s change.Celie earns a place in society by leaving her place as the uneducated woman who is part of ‘the second sex’ and becoming less dependent on the dominant male force within the African-American society. Walker shows that through trusting and loving the self, barriers can be broken and any type of love is possible. Primary Literature Walker, Alice. The Color Purple. Great Britain: The Women’s Press, 1983. Print. Morrison, Toni. Song of Solomon. USA: Plume Fiction. 1987. reprint. On racism in the African-American society.Secondary Literature Abbandonato, Linda. â€Å"A view from ‘Elsewhere’: Subversive Sexuality and the rewriting of the heroine’s story in The Color Purple†. PMLA vol. 106. (1991): P. 1106-1115 Christian, Barbara T. â€Å"We are the ones that we have been waiting for†: Political content in Alice’s Walker’s novels. Women’s studies International Forum vol. 9. (1986): P. 421-426 Idem Tucker, Lindsey. â€Å"Alice Walker’s The Color Purple†: Emergent Woman, Emergent Text. Black American literature forum. (1988): Vol. 22. P. 81-95
Thursday, November 7, 2019
Information and Facts About Elephant Babies
Information and Facts About Elephant Babies Elephants are interesting animals. Their size is awesome, and their strength is incredible. They are intelligent and affectionate beings. Amazingly, even with their large size, they can walk silently. You might not even notice them passing by! Fast Facts: Baby Elephants Gestation period: 18 - 22 monthsBirth weight: about 250 poundsHeight: about 3 feet tallAbout 99% of calves are born at nightCalves are born with curly black or red hair on their foreheadsCalves drink about 3 gallons of milk a day Facts About Baby Elephants A baby elephant is called a calf. It weighs about 250 pounds at birth and stands about three feet tall. Calves cant see very well at first, but they can recognize their mothers by touch, scent, and sound. Baby elephants stay very close to their mothers for the first couple of months. The calves drink their mothers milk for about two years, sometimes longer. They drink up to 3 gallons of milk a day! At about four months old, they also begin eating some plants, like adult elephants, but they continue to need as much milk from their mother. They keep drinking milk for up to ten years! At first, baby elephants dont really know what to do with their trunks. They swing them to and fro and sometimes even step on them. They will suck their trunk just as a human baby might suck its thumb. By about 6 to 8 months, calves begin learning to use their trunks to eat and drink. By the time they are a year old, they can control their trunks pretty well and, like adult elephants, use their trunks for grasping, eating, drinking, bathing. Female elephants stay with the herd for life, while males leave to begin a solitary life at about 12 to 14 years of age. Elephant Babies Coloring Page (Print the PDF): Color this picture while you review the facts youve learned. Species of Elephants For many years scientists thought that there were two different species of elephants: Asian elephants and African elephants. However, in 2000, they began classifying African elephants into two distinct species, the African savanna elephant and the African forest elephant. Elephant Vocabulary Worksheet (Print the PDF): Discover more about elephants by with this vocabulary worksheet. Look up each word in a dictionary or online. Then, write the correct word on the blank line beside each definition. Elephant Word Search (Print the PDF): See how well you remember what you learned about elephants. Circle each word as you find it hidden among the letters in the word search. Refer to the worksheet for any terms whose meaning you dont remember. African savanna elephants live in the area of Africa below the Sahara desert. African forest elephants live in the rain forests of Central and West Africa. The elephants that live in the African forest have smaller bodies and tusks than those that live on the savannas. Asian elephants live in the scrub and rain forests of Southwest Asia, India, and Nepal. Elephant Habitat Coloring Page (Print the PDF): Review what youve learned about elephant Habitats. Distinguishing Between Asian and African Elephants There are many similarities between Asian and African elephants, but there are simple ways to distinguish one from the other. African elephants have much larger ears that seem to be shaped like the continent of Africa. They need large ears to cool off their bodies on the hot continent of Africa. Asian elephants ears are smaller and more rounded. African Elephant Coloring Page (Print the PDF) There is also a distinct difference in the shape of Asian and African elephants heads. Asian elephants heads are smaller than an African elephants head and have a double-dome shape. Both male and female African elephants can grow tusks, though not all do. Only male Asian elephants grow tusks. Asian Elephant Coloring Page (Print the PDF) The Asian elephant is smaller than the African elephant. Asian elephants live in jungle habitats. Its entirely different than the deserts of Africa. Water and vegetation are more plentiful in the jungle. So Asian elephants do not need wrinkled skin to trap moisture or large ears to fan their bodies. Even the trunks of Asian and African elephants are different. African elephants have two finger-like growths on the tip of their trunks; Asian elephants only have one. Elephant Family Coloring Page (Print the PDF): Do you think you can tell African and Asian elephants apart? Are these African elephants or Asian elephants? What are the identifying features? Elephant Diet Coloring Page (Print the PDF): All elephants are plant eaters (herbivores). Adult elephants eat about 300 pounds of food a day. It takes a long time to find and eat 300 pounds of food. They spend 16 to 20 hours a day eating! Updated by Kris Bales
Tuesday, November 5, 2019
Calculating the Change in Entropy From Heat of Reaction
Calculating the Change in Entropy From Heat of Reaction The term entropy refers to disorder or chaos in a system. The greater the entropy, the greater the disorder. Entropy exists in physics and chemistry, but can also be said to exist in human organizations or situations. In general, systems tend toward greater entropy; in fact, according to the second law of thermodynamics, the entropy of an isolated system can never spontaneously decrease. This example problem demonstrates how to calculate the change in entropy of a systems surroundings following a chemical reaction at constant temperature and pressure. What Change in Entropy Means First, notice you never calculate entropy, S, but rather change in entropy, Îâ€S. This is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system. When Îâ€S is positive it means the surroundings increased entropy. The reaction was exothermic or exergonic (assuming energy can be released in forms besides heat). When heat is released, the energy increases the motion of atoms and molecules, leading to increased disorder. When ÃŽâ€S is negative it means entropy of the surroundings were reduced or that the surroundings gained order. A negative change in entropy draws heat (endothermic) or energy (endergonic) from the surroundings, which reduces the randomness or chaos. An important point to keep in mind is that the values for Îâ€S are for the surroundings! Its a matter of point of view. If you change liquid water into water vapor, entropy increases for the water, even though it decreases for the surroundings. Its even more confusing if you consider a combustion reaction. On the one hand, it seems breaking a fuel into its components would increase disorder, yet the reaction also includes oxygen, which forms other molecules. Entropy Example Calculate the entropy of the surroundings for the following two reactions.a.) C2H8(g) 5 O2(g) → 3 CO2(g) 4H2O(g)ÃŽâ€H -2045 kJb.) H2O(l) → H2O(g)ÃŽâ€H 44 kJSolutionThe change in entropy of the surroundings after a chemical reaction at constant pressure and temperature can be expressed by the formulaÃŽâ€Ssurr -ÃŽâ€H/TwhereÃŽâ€Ssurr is the change in entropy of the surroundings-ÃŽâ€H is heat of reactionT Absolute Temperature in KelvinReaction aÃŽâ€Ssurr -ÃŽâ€H/TÃŽâ€Ssurr -(-2045 kJ)/(25 273)**Remember to convert  °C to K**ÃŽâ€Ssurr 2045 kJ/298 KÃŽâ€Ssurr 6.86 kJ/K or 6860 J/KNote the increase in the surrounding entropy since the reaction was exothermic. An exothermic reaction is indicated by a positive Îâ€S value. This means heat was released to the surroundings or that the environment gained energy. This reaction is an example of a combustion reaction. If you recognize this reaction type, you should always expect an exothermic reaction a nd positive change in entropy.Reaction bÃŽâ€Ssurr -ÃŽâ€H/TÃŽâ€Ssurr -(44 kJ)/298 KÃŽâ€Ssurr -0.15 kJ/K or -150 J/KThis reaction needed energy from the surroundings to proceed and reduced the entropy of the surroundings. A negative Îâ€S value indicates an endothermic reaction occurred, which absorbed heat from the surroundings.Answer:The change in entropy of the surroundings of reaction 1 and 2 was 6860 J/K and -150 J/K respectively.
Sunday, November 3, 2019
The Airbus Way Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
The Airbus Way - Essay Example Moreover, this paper also comprehends regarding the unfairness of employees’ behaviour with the other members which have been mostly due to the improper distribution of authorization power. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Introduction 4 Main Findings 5 Lewis’ Cross Cultural Model 5 Hofstede's Cultural Model 7 Problems Related With Airbus Cultural Diversity 9 Failure Merger Planned Between Airbus’ Parent Company EADS and BAE System 11 Conclusion 12 Recommendations 13 References 14 Bibliography 17 Introduction Airbus SAS is a subsidiary company owned by European Aeronautic Defence and Space (EADS) which is considered as one of the leading European aerospace and defence service providing company one of the world’s largest aircraft manufacturers. It operates by focusing upon the customers’ needs and preferences relying upon the expertise of employees and technological leadership. Company offers several kinds of jet-liner products, including milita ry communication aircrafts, commercial airline aircrafts and transport aircrafts. Apart from these, the company also provides multi-role military air-lifters for various observation purposes, medical evacuations, marine patrols, carrying paratroopers and cargo transports. Moreover, company manufactures, develops and supports commercial aircrafts for over 100 seats (Airbus S.A.S., 2013). At present, Airbus also offers comprehensive as well as modern product lines which include superior facilities for passenger aircrafts comprising from 107 to 525 seating capacity. Several kinds of amenities are also offered through commercial aircrafts such as A320 single-aisle aircrafts, A330 or A340 long range aircrafts, A350 XWB next-generation family aircrafts and A380 double-decker family aircrafts. Additionally, it can be observed that in its operations, Airbus tends to expand its opportunities in present competitive commercial market and broaden its product ranges by implementing expert, high skilled employees within the military markets. Moreover, company also aims at expanding its business portfolio comprising freighter aircraft products with the expectation to set new standards of operations within the general aircraft manufacturing industry sectors (Airbus S.A.S., 2013). Main Findings Lewis’ Cross Cultural Model During 1990s, British multilingual person and cross-cultural communication expert, Mr. Richard Lewis created a cultural model which till date is used to help the evaluation of the differences among divergent cultures. This model has been widely used to deliver generalized evaluation upon cultural diversity that can assist leaders to regulate their leadership styles by fulfilling different cultural needs of their employees and the stakeholders at large. This model classifies cultural differences into three main categories, such as ‘Linear-active’, ‘Multi-active’ and ‘Reactive’ (Richard Lewis Communications, 2013). Figure: The Lewis Model (Richard Lewis Communications, 2013) According to the Lewis Model it has been observed that organisations which operate under the category of a linear active culture, are basically task oriented owing to which greater focus is rendered towards technical competencies and demonstration of facts before sentimental
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