Banning of Public Smoking

Banning of public smoking has become a controversial topic, with the supporters of both the groups putting forward their own arguments for and against banning public smoking. It is well known fact that passive smoking has contributed to the death of large numbers of people, thereby showing the negative consequences of smoking. Based on health reasons, one can suggest that smoking should be banned in the public areas.It has been argued by some scholars and people that smoking is the right of the individuals who should not be forced to quit smoking in the public areas although it is desirable to stop smoking in the places such as public vehicles so as not to affect the co-passengers. The supporters of smoking argue that by banning smoking in public places, the smoker’s right to relax in the places like pubs is taken away, thereby reducing customers to pubs and other places. This has negatively affected business of the pubs.Already, smoking has been banned in the places where the re is intimate contact between different individuals. These people also suggest that smokers are addicted to smoking, which gives them relaxation. It is not desirable to compel the smokers to give up their privilege of smoking without any legal problems. It is also suggested that ban on public smoking creates barriers between smokers and non smokers. (Atwell) Many other scholars have opposed the above argument put forward to support smoking in public places.It is found that passive smoking is the third major reason for the death of large numbers of people. It is unfortunate that so many people have to suffer because of the smoking behavior of the people who use different forms of tobacco. Cigarettes and other tobacco products can be dangerous not only to the smoker, but also to the non smokes who are around the smoker. Smoke contains more than 4000 chemicals, which can negatively affect the health of the individuals.Non smokers, due to public smoking, may suffer from health problems leading to lung, breast, cervical, nasal sinus cancers, strokes, and miscarriages. While many smokers argue that they have the right to enjoy their life by smoking, anti-smokers in the public places argue that they have the right to live without suffering from diseases due to second hand smoking. Therefore, it is argued that through public smoking banning, it is possible to improve the health of second hand smokers.In the absence of public smoke ban, the smokers will be encouraged to continue their habit of smoking in the public, thereby affecting the health of general public. The argument that this ban on public smoking will reduce the number of people visiting pubs and restaurants is also not accepted because studies have indicated that ban on public smoking does not lead to reduced number of customers to the pubs. This is due to the fact that majority of pub customers are non smokers. Ban on public smoking may encourage more number of people to go to bars because they can enjoy their drink in non-smoking environment.By banning public smoking, even the smokers are given an opportunity to leave smoking, thereby assisting them to improve their health. Ban on public smoking can improve the quality of life of individuals in the modern society. Supporters of public smoking contend that ban on public smoking negatively affects the right of the individuals to enjoy their smoke. They suggest that since already there is partial ban on smoking, there is no need to completely ban public smoking as this would decrease the number of people visiting pubs and other public places.However, anti-smokers suggest that many non smokers have suffered due to the consumption of nicotine. Since, large numbers of people are affected by smoking in the public places, this should be banned. Works Cited Atwell, Kate. â€Å"Should smoking be banned in public places? The no argument†. Online Science. 15 November, 2003. August 22, 2006. Available at Bethany, S. , and Minneapolis, M . N. â€Å"Ban Smoking in Public Areas†. Teen Ink. 2006. August 22, 2006. Available at

Explaining Basic Accounting Concepts and Business Structures Essay

Explaining Basic Accounting Concepts and Business Structures - Essay Example The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) is responsible for designing a standard, known as â€Å"The Hierarchy of GAAP† which explicitly details the meaning of GAAP. In this regard, the sources of GAAP are as follows: FASB Standards, Interpretations, and Staff Positions; APB Opinions; and AICPA Accounting Research Bulletins. According to Valade (2010, pars. 10 – 12), the general guidelines explaining the rationale and importance of the hierarchy are summed as: â€Å"Level 1 pronouncements are the top level of authority, and take precedence over lower levels of announcements. If an accounting issue is addressed in multiple levels, guidance in the highest level must be followed. Pronouncements within any level carry equal weight†. In this regard, level 1 or category A in Kieso, Weygandt, & Warfield, 2007, 12) is the most authoritative set of professional bodies but â€Å"if an accounting treatment of an event is not specified by Category A pronouncement, then Categories B through D should be investigated† according to the hierarchical order. The most effective accounting information depends on the usefulness of the information for decision making purposes. According to Kieso, Weygandt, & Warfield (2007, 31), the FASB itemized qualitative characteristics according to hierarchy: the primary qualities being relevance and reliability; and the secondary qualities are comparability and consistency. Under relevance, the critical ingredients that must be ingrained are predictive value, feedback value and timeliness. Under reliability of accounting information, the data must be verifiable, must have representational faithfulness and be neutral. The quality of comparability is relevant in according users of accounting information with accurate and comparable basis for identification of similarities and differences in economic events among business enterprises (Kieso, Weygandt, & Warfield (2007, 33).

Report on Apple Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Report on Apple Company - Essay Example The company has been successful in the recent years and has even managed to attain leadership in the global market. Among other factors, the successful performance of the company has been driven by its efficient business and marketing strategies. This paper suggests that the company’s business and marketing strategies are also going to influence its performance in the future. Therefore, by addressing the current business and marketing strategies, a potential investor can have a clear picture of the company and can apply the information in making an effective decision on whether to invest in it or not. The business strategies addressed in the paper that are adopted by Apple are product development and product proliferation approaches. The marketing strategies addressed are Apple’s segmentation, target market and positioning strategies as well as the company’s marketing mix. Based on the analysis, Miguel and his co-workers can make wise decisions on whether their c ompany, Tech-Shield, should invest in Apple Inc. Table of Contents Summary ii Table of Contents iii Apple Inc. 1 1.0 Background 1 2.0 Business Strategy 1 Figure 1.0 Use of iTunes 2 Figure 2.0 Some of Apple’s innovative products 3 3.0 Market Strategy 5 3.1 Segmentation, Target Market and Positioning 5 3.2 Marketing Mix 6 3.2.1 Product 6 3.2.2 Price 7 3.2.3 Place 8 3.2.4 Promotion 8 Figure 3.0 Strategy of Promotions 9 4.0 Summary of SWOT Analysis 9 Table 1.0 Apple’s SWOT Analysis 9 5.0 Conclusion 10 6.0 Work cited 12 List of Figures Figure 1.0 Use of iTunes 2 Figure 2.0 Some of Apple’s innovative products 3 Figure 3.0 Strategy of Promotions 9 List of Tables Table 1.0 Apple’s SWOT Analysis 9 Apple Inc. 1.0 Background Apple Inc. is a leading multinational corporation that produces computers, computer software, commercial servers and consumer electronics. Headquartered in Cupertino, California, Apple was founded in 1979 by Steve Jobs and his colleagues. The co mpany has developed a huge portfolio of products, which have successfully penetrated the global market, such as Mac line of computers, iPhone series, iPad series and iPod series among others (Lamido, 2013). Apple Inc. operates in a highly competitive market comprising of well-established manufacturers of consumer accessories and electronics, such as IBM, HP, Dell, Microsoft, Toshiba, Samsung, Nokia, LG and Google. Arguably, the high level of competition has prompted Apple Inc. to intensify its business and marketing efforts in the recent years. Among other efforts, the company’s efficient business and marketing strategies have steered at to attain leadership in the global market (Katie, 1). Arguably, any factor that may influence the performance of an organization in the future is of fundamental interest to potential investors. This paper addresses the business and marketing strategies of Apple as the principal among the factors that will influence its performance in the futu re. The paper aims at giving a clear picture of the performance of Apple in the two areas to Miguel and his co-workers so that they can make a wise decision on whether their company, Tech-Shield, should invest in Apple Inc. 2.0 Business Strategy Apple Inc. has been using a combination of product development and product proliferation strategies to gain  a competitive edge in the global market (Besanko, Dranove and Shanron, 47). Product development refers to the process of innovating new or better products or services to replace old ones (O’Grady, 37). Apple has attained leadership in its target market mainly through continuous innovation of unique products. Apple created iPods and iTunes and by 2003, it had made them available in Microsoft Windows version. Consequently, demand for these products skyrocketed and propelled the revenue for the company to

The Tactics of Michael Collins Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Tactics of Michael Collins - Essay Example 97-98). However, Collins also knew that "something more was necessary than a guerrilla war in which small bands of our warriors [] attacked the larger forces of the enemy" because "England could always reinforce her army" (Dwyer, 1990, p. 64). The tactic that arguably won the war was Collins implementation of the Squad which, together with his extensive intelligence network, was able to systematically assassinate British agents and thus cut of Britain's main supply of information. Both of these tactics resurfaced several times throughout the twentieth century, most notable in the teachings of Ernesto 'Che' Guevara and Brazilian revolutionary Carlos Marighella, but the question remains as to whom Michael Collins had the strongest link. Guevara was, like Collins, involved in a fight on a largely rural island, and often stressed the importance of taking up the fighting outside the city (Guevara, 1961, pp. 1-2). Even though both relied heavily upon the tactics of the Flying Column, there was a significant difference: whereas Collins guerrilla force only existed in the attack, Guevara had an actual army that could gain territory and form lines of resistance. Furthermore, Guevara actually had a chance to win his war through military means, unlike Collins and his ever-reinforced enemy. Collins idea of carefully selected executions was not unknown to Guevara, but it was in no way a key issue in his tactics.Marighella was facing an entirely different scenario, and thus devised new tactics to suit his needs. Fighting in heavy industrialized Brazil, he regarded the urban areas as the birthplace and battlefield of the guerrilla force (Marighella, 1969, p. 12). Like both of the others he subscribed to idea of the Flying Colum n, but unlike Guevara it was an autonomous unit, leaping only into existence when call upon (Marighella, 1969, p. 4). Marighella had no prospects of a traditional military victory, and like Collins he relied on the hidden warfare of surprise attacks, kidnapping and executions (Asprey, 1994, p.1089-90).To choose which of these later models is more consistent with Collins' is obviously to choose the lesser of two evils. Guevara fought an entirely different enemy, but used the Flying Column with great success. Marighella again fought a different foe and implemented Collins' idea of selective executions, but with less success. It seems that Marighella has the most to share with Collins. Although he lost his war, he took the most important part of Collins' tactics and attempted to put it into practice. Guevara merely adopted the foundational idea of small-unit fighting; a concept far predating Michael Collins. The answer as to whether Michael Collins should be regarded as villain or patriot is to some extent answered in the final sentence of Fidel Castro's defense speech of 1953; "History will absolve me". An attempt to define any reformer as good or bad will always be biased by the outcome of the conflict and our own political stance. However, technically Collins was a patriot by the very definition of the word: he fought for (the majority of) his country. The fact that he won Ireland her

Irish Educational System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Irish Educational System - Essay Example This is a situation that could escalate unless dealt with. They also say though that the situation is so variable from place to place that it is difficult to generalize either as to the current situation or ways to deal with any problems. The Irish educational system is many ways very similar to that found in other western European countries. It provides primary, secondary, further and higher or tertiary education with children spending 6 hours a day or more in school 5 days a week, a high proportion of a child's waking hours, though they spend even more time out of school than in it. Nevertheless it has a massive influence upon the way children think and behave, especially if the values a child finds at school are reflected in their family and in the wider society. Education is compulsory for those between the ages of 6 and 15, though many 5 year olds attend school and further and higher education is on the increase, with some 50 per cent of students going on from school to further studies varying from adult literacy courses and those for the unemployed to formal university courses. Education in primary schools follows the 1999 Primary School Curriculum as described on the Irish Education web site. This curriculum document is unusual in educational circles in that it does not provide a religious curriculum, but leaves this to the churches that control the various schools. Its aim is to make the most of each individual's character:- as it is expressed in each child's personality, intelligence and potential for development. It is designed to nurture the child in all dimensions of his or her life -- spiritual, moral, cognitive, emotional, imaginative, aesthetic, social and physical... This idea of making the best of each child is contained within the Constitution of Ireland as laid down in 1937. In article 41 section 1 it states clearly that the people of Ireland feel that the family is 'the primary and natural educator of the child' and that it is both the right and the duty of parents to see that their child recieves an education religious, moral, intellectual, physical and social. There is provision for education at home, but rather oddly no minimum standards for this are laid down, though there is provision for the state to see that a child recieves education when , for whatever reason, the parents are unable to do this. If one looks at the curriculum in an Irish Primary School it is clear that social education is given its place alongside such traditional subjects as mathematics, languages and science. In fact it appears twice in the list provided on the Education Ireland web site. There are a number of different types of primary school - state-funded primary schools, special schools and private primary schools. State funded schools include religious schools, non-denominational schools, multi-denominational schools and Gaelscoileanna i.e schools which operate in the Irish language, but which are outside the usual Gaeltacht, i.e. the area where Gaelic is the first language. Social education is linked to environmental studies and science as well as to personal and health education. It is of course in the earliest years of a child's school life that correct behavior and values must be reinforced if a positive school career is

Hamlet-sin and salvation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Hamlet-sin and salvation - Essay Example It is the difference between seeing purgatory strictly in the terms of the sins that brought the souls there and that talking about purgatory is a way of asking for salvation from the same. It is two opposing ways of reviewing Ophelia’s suicide. Sin and salvation are present throughout the main conflicts of the play, so sin and salvation, in general, is the main dichotomy of the play. Hamlet is about sin and salvation. One of Hamlet’s sin is his act of killing Polonius, which, in turn, led to Ophelia’s ultimate sin and presumptively usurped her chances for salvation. Hamlet kills Polonius in the Act 3, Scene 4, knowing full well what he was doing. He was in Gertrude’s suite, confronting her about how she could be with her own brother in law, when he heard Polonius’ cry from behind the tapestry. At this point, Hamlet plunges his dagger at the tapestry, pretending to kill a rat, but knowing that Polonius was behind the tapestry and was being murdered. This leads to Ophelia’s sin, in that Ophelia goes mad and kills herself because she was grieving for her father, and she was fragile in general. While non-religious people of today understand that suicide is not necessarily a sin, but, rather, a desperate act of a desperate person, this was not the case in the Elizabethan age, as suicide is considered to be the ultimate in sin. That Ophelia’s suicide was considered to be sinful is evident in both the speeches of the gravedigger who was digging her grave, and the priest who was conducting her funeral. For instance, the gravedigger showed evident disdain for Ophelia for killing herself when he stated that â€Å"the more pity that great folk should have countenance in this world to drown or hang themselves more than their even Christian† (V, i, 24-27). In other words, Ophelia was rich, and allegedly had more freedom to drown herself than the ordinary Christians, implying that most Christians do not have this

Transcendentalism In Modern Life Essay Example for Free

Transcendentalism In Modern Life Essay 1.) The modernity of life has come to the extent where human beings are becoming mechanical and less sensitive to the physical environment. The human as a physical form, as being part of nature, as being one by nature is losing his capability to connect and feel himself as being part of it and thus he is alienated, apathetic to his surroundings. Human as a body is one true part of nature. Every physical parts of him correlate with nature. From the Walden of Thoreau, â€Å"A lake is the landscape’s most beautiful and expressive feature. It is the earth’s eye; looking into which the beholder measure the depth of his own nature.† The human eye is said to be the â€Å"window to the soul.† The depth of one’s character can be reflected thru his eyes. His eyes express sincerity about his thoughts and feelings. The lake is like the human eyes, reflecting the beauty of nature. The human eyes exude beauty. Beauty is nature. Nature is beauty. The nature and the human eyes gives all living creatures something to explore, something new and colorful that makes life worth living each day. The modern life has given us everything that is actually not part of nature. Consumerism is one thing that incites our desire to seek for alienation to nature. Endless offers of products and services that degenerates our senses, especially the eyes, to lose its depth. Thoreau laments over this culture,   Ã¢â‚¬Å" There is an influx of novelty into the world, and yet we tolerate incredible dullness.† As mentioned nature as beauty, it has so much to offer. But with the modern life of consumer culture, the beauty of nature is so much unappreciated. Modern humans are incessantly losing his ability to connect with nature. He failed to willfully discover the beauty of nature, the beauty of his own humanity because of the exceeding production for consumer goods that creates his lifestyle. The paradigm of his life based on this culture creates him in a way apart from nature. Thus the modern human life denies him self of beauty as he denies himself being part of nature and for the years to come, only nature can bring out true beauty. 2.) For a moment, the voice of the unheard, â€Å"I,† come to life. One cannot deny that living in oneness with nature will speak out the voice of our unsaid and ignored self. The truth about nature say tells you that life offers so much more than what you can see from the daily modern life created by superficiality of human life. It is true that nature and the human body is one. Without those gadgets around me, I came to realize that every thought and every word in my head offers me something new, something exciting. My thoughts are part of nature. With my thoughts and with my words I have come to realize that life’s essences exist in the discovery of my very own ability to receive my very own thoughts. It helped me become true to myself. Myself is true to nature. Nature is who I am. The exploration of thoughts comes like an overflowing river. I swam into the overflowing river of thoughts. It is diverse and fresh. Something is yearning to be heard and that voice is nothing else but mine. I don’t need anything to tell me that I am beautiful. Nothing in this consumer world would define that beauty for me – only my thoughts. I am becoming more open to this mind and bodily presence. I need not to conform to anything that nature does not give. Anything that is natural is pleasurable. Abundance is present at this very moment. I am thankful that I have everything I need to live. The less I think of the superficial, the more abundance of life is offered to me. As I perceive things that I purchased, I find out that this is going to be an endless thirst that comes merely from insecurity. Now, I don’t need to linger my thoughts when and how will I finally get this and that but now, I am becoming more and more eager to seek my humanity in the existence of nature as being part of me. I didn’t expect such adventure with my thoughts is such a fun and enjoyable ride. Color I think there is so much color to what I can see now. This color of life is coming from within, a true essence of human nature, my nature. 3. ) Based on the works by Nathaniel Hawthorne, this is the question that I am posing: Why are things not what they seem to be? The greatest antagonist of life is the one that we thought it was but after all, we don’t really know what it is. A great poser of something good but thoroughly evil is the most evil of all. The things that we see that possesses the character of something good hides behind this veil and yet it is actually evil. Opening our mind and heart to truth is the central message of Hawthorne’s work. It seeks to remind us that when we feel we hear about the truth. Denying ourselves from feeling the things around us is a lie. A lie is usually concealed, packed well to hide itself and attack its victim to lose his will to live. A lie is traitor and it will infest itself to someone who will accommodate it. Life is created by packaging. We do not really know what is lying underneath. Because of so many ways to package something, we are usually deceived by our senses. It’s not that our senses take control of that ability but the human mind and heart. When one is deceived by that packaging, he is in weak control of his senses.   It is never easy to realize that something is not what is seems to be. Evil by nature will cover him self from seeing him as evil. Slowly it will pull you to its trap. It will pose in front of you as something good. The ability of one to feel and listen to his own faith will be the only thing that will lead him to avoid evil. Learning to listen to our senses and putting our faith into our minds and our hearts will keep us from going astray. The worst enemy will come closer to our feet as the best friend. Real human intension comes from the goodness of his intentions and not from how good he seems to be. The real test of goodness doesn’t depend on how good one person seem to be. What we see on the outside is usually a lie. Only our true senses kind find that truth of what is within. 4. ) Emily Dickinson’s Poetry NATURE, the gentlest mother, Impatient of no child, The feeblest or the waywardest,— Her admonition mild In forest and the hill By traveller is heard, Restraining rampant squirrel Or too impetuous bird. How fair her conversation, A summer afternoon,— Her household, her assembly; And when the sun goes down Her voice among the aisles Incites the timid prayer Of the minutest cricket, The most unworthy flower. When all the children sleep She turns as long away As will suffice to light her lamps; Then, bending from the sky, With infinite affection And infiniter care, Her golden finger on her lip, Wills silence everywhere. Nature: In this poetry, nature is described as the mother. Her children are the animals and the landscape. Her voice is heard everywhere by her children. She gives unlimited patience and love. Her voice resounds prayer to all living creatures from the one that is the most beautiful up to the very least. Like human beings, our mothers are the endless source of love. We humans are children of nature. We find nature as the endless possibility of our daily needs and resources.   At night her children sleep, nature is a nurturer that opens her light to the darkness of the night. Like our mothers who always keep us safe during our sleep, nature secures us from sleeping safely through the night.   Her motherly love is endless. She keeps the night quiet to her sleeping children. For anything that makes noise, she keeps them quiet as her every child yearns for serenity. WILL there really be a morning? Is there such a thing as day? Could I see it from the mountains If I were as tall as they? Has it feet like water-lilies? Has it feathers like a bird? Is it brought from famous countries Of which I have never heard? Oh, some scholar! Oh, some sailor! Oh, some wise man from the skies! Please to tell a little pilgrim Where the place called morning lies! Will: Here, a traveler is in search of morning. A human being signifies the traveler for life is a metaphor of journey. Morning signifies serenity. It is something that keeps us happy. The traveler is seeking serenity for it is something that he finds unattainable. He seeks the beauty in of serenity. He knows that it is as beautiful as nature. Serenity is something so mysterious to him that he questions if it is something from another place.   He asks a scholar, a sailor and any wise man to define what serenity is and where he can find it.   Serenity, as simple as it seems to be is hard to find. In every morning that we wake up, we want to seek serenity as life unfolds in our eyes. 5. ) Moby Dick by Herman Melville Nature is one of the most ultimate aspects in Moby Dick. Ishmael is the main character and he begins the journey as he rides the ship Pequod under the command of the captain Aheb. He finds out that Aheb is in search of a white whale. Ishmael learns that Aheb is seeking revenge from the white whale because it takes away his leg. Towards the end, the white whale destroys Pequod. This story is very symbolic about nature. Aheb is the ultimate example of human being who doesn’t care for nature. Human beings are sometimes insensitive of nature and tend to take control of it to the extent that he tries to even exploit it. The white whale is like nature – it keeps its beauty and mystery. When human beings bring something that aims to harm nature, it has all its powers and forces to bring back humans to respect nature. Just like when calamities happens, nature has its own way to destroy the lives that it nurtures. Aheb is one example of the modern human life – the least aware of what can nature bring to him. Like Aheb, sometimes humans think that they really can control of everything. But like the white whale, nature has its own share of mystery to respond to humans who are exploiting her. The very thought of conquering something so huge is usually the common thought of human beings. Huge bank accounts, huge houses, huge malls, huge buildings and the like. Humans seem to have created a huge world about the superficial and the material. But after all, nature is still something bigger than what it seems to be. As humans try to conquer nature against the world that he is trying to build, nature is going back to regain its power and remind humans that he is only a part of nature. Nature has its means to give birth to the life that humans are slowly taking. The only thing that humans can take from nature is what it can also get back. Nature provides its laws for humans to obey and only obey. 6.) From the Great Lawsuit: â€Å"it is a built-in necessity of human nature to express itself, that self-expression, like self-development, is one of the purposes of life itself. [Transcendentalism] insists, first, that the well-being of the individual—of all the individuals—is the basic purpose and ultimate justification for all social organizations and second that autonomous individuals cannot exist apart from others. Transcendentalism believes that the purpose of education is to facilitate the self-development of each individual. The political trajectory of transcendentalism begins in philosophical freedom and ends in democratic individualism.† This tells us that humans are entitled to express himself and this is they way he finds himself. His well-being can be found only within himself. Every human has the power to build himself through the power of his thoughts. It is considerably his most wonderful ability for it is something that is constantly and ever growing. Self-expression is one integral human activity that makes him aware of himself. When one is aware of who he is, he knows what he wants and he knows what he can do. Self-expression to human beings is a basic necessity. However, an individual cannot exist only by himself. He also needs the help of others. Transcendentalism emphasizes that an individual needs to believe himself in order to create harmony with others. Although humans have their own right to self-expression he cannot disregard other nor destroy others by this will of self-expression. For example, a person can ridicule someone with the intentions of pulling him down and his only reason is self-expression. That is not self-expression it is more like self-disdain. Transcendentalism points that education is the foundation of human thought and how human will create the world around him. The human mind is complex and therefore has the ability to create and recreate his world as well as his future. Education is not simply just going to school. It is more like becoming aware of what the world is. Education allows human beings to explore his thoughts and the end of this is for him to explore the world and what he can do to live his life.   Political trajectory of transcendentalism roots from the will of a human to question that is everything around him. His quest for answers in this life is his sole freedom to do. BIBLIOGRAPHY Books: Adams, Stephen, and Donald A. Ross. Revising Mytholo gies: The Composition of Thoreau’s Major Works. Char lottesville, Va., 1988. Anderson, Charles R. The Magic Circle of Walden. New York, 1968. Buell, Lawrence. The Environmental Imagination: Thoreau, Nature Writing, and the Formation of American Culture. Cambridge, Mass., 1995. Burbick, Joan. Thoreau’s Alternate History: Changing Perspectives on Nature, Culture, and Language. Philadelphia, 1987. Cameron, Sharon. Writing Nature: Henry Thoreau’s Jour nal. New York, 1985. Cavell, Stanley. The Senses of Walden. San Francisco, 1981. Dickinson, Emily. The Complete Poems of Emily Dickinson. Boston: Little, Brown, 1924; Bartleby.com, 2000. www.bartleby.com/113/. Fuller-Ossoli, Margaret. Woman in the Nineteenth Century. New York: Greenwood Press, reprint 1968. Golemba, Henry. Thoreau’s Wild Rhetoric. New York, 1990. Myerson, Joel, ed. Critical Essays on Thoreau’s Walden. Boston, 1988. Peck, H. Daniel. Thoreau’s Morning Work: Memory and Perception in A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers, The Journal, and Walden. New Haven, Conn., 1990. Richardson, Robert, D. Jr. Emerson: The Mind on Fire. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1995. Rossi, Alice, S. ed. The Feminist Papers: From Adams to de Beauvoir. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1973. Sattelmeyer, Robert. Thoreau’s Reading: A Study in Intellectual History with Bibliographical Catalogue. Princeton, N.J., 1988. Sattelmeyer, Robert. Thoreau’s Reading: A Study in Intellectual History with Bibliographical Catalogue. Princeton, N.J., 1988. Schneider, Richard J., ed. Thoreau’s Sense of Place: Essays in American Environmental Writing. Iowa City, Iowa, 2000. Shanley, J. Lyndon. The Making of Walden. Chicago, 1957. Walls, Laura Dassow. Seeing New Worlds: Henry David Thoreau and Nineteenth Century Natural Science. Madison, Wis., 1995. Electronic sources: The House of the Seven Gables Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 1804-1864 Conversion to TEI-conformant markup University of Virginia Library Electronic Text Center ca. 650 kilobytes round up to the nearest 5KB This version available from the University of Virginia Library Charlottesville, Va. Copyright 1999, by the Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/ Commercial use prohibited; all usage governed by our Conditions of Use:http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/conditions.html